制造业企业数字化转型如何影响员工工资  

How Does the Digital Transformation of Manufacturing Firms Affect Employees'Wage?

作　　者：贺梅 王燕梅[2] HE Mei;WANG Yanmei(Peking University,100871;Institute of Industrial Economics,CASS,100006)

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院,100871 [2]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,100006

出　　处：《财贸经济》2023年第4期123-139,共17页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“数字经济对我国参与国际分工及产业安全的影响研究”(21BJL065)。

摘　　要：共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求和中国式现代化的重要特征,立足数字经济背景探讨如何通过保护劳动所得促进共同富裕意义重大。基于2011—2019年中国A股制造业上市公司数据,本文实证分析了企业数字化转型对员工工资的影响。研究发现,企业数字化转型显著提高了员工工资。在此基础上,本文检验了背后的作用机制,发现经济租金分享和就业结构调整均在企业数字化转型与员工工资关系中发挥了正向的传递作用,存在企业数字化转型→经济租金增加和高技能劳动者占比提升→员工工资提高的传导机制。异质性分析结果显示,企业数字化转型对员工工资的提升作用分别在高数字化行业、资本密集型企业、非国有企业、高市场集中度行业、大企业更为突出。本文的研究结论为积极把握数字技术应用带来的机遇,持续发挥数字经济对工资合理增长和就业结构优化的作用,以及保持制造业比重基本稳定提供了一定启示。The rise of every"new economy"in human history was driven by new technological advancement.At present,digital technology is penetrating into all aspects of economy and society,and is an important driving force of the new technological revolution.According to the White Paper on the Development of China's Digital Economy(2021),the added value of China's digital economy increased from 2.6 trillion yuan in 2005 to 39.2 trllion yuan in 2020,and its share in GDP from 14.2 percent to 38.6 percent.Digital technology affects production by forming new production factors and changing the input structure of factors,thus changing the bias of industrial factors input,which not only has a profound impact on global economy and trade,but also greatly changes the income of factor owners.Common prosperity for all by the middle of the 21"century is an important part of China's Second Centenary Goal,which is to be achieved on the basis of reasonable disparities in wealth levels.At present,in the latest round of industrial revolution characterized by the development and application of Internet,big data and artificial intelligence technologies,undoubtedlycthe pie will grow bigger"to increase economic output by improving production efficiency,but it does not mean a bigger share for everyone.Therefore,it is crucial to think about how to promote common prosperity in the digital economy.Previous studies have pointed out that digital revolution affects employment and wage levels on the whole(Dauth et al.,2018;Acemoglu and Restrepo,2018a;Liu et al.,2021),and leads to the change in factor income shares(Autor and Salomons,2018;Chen et al.,2021).At the same time,the application of digital technology also puts highly skilled employees in a favorable position in income distribution(Prettner and Strulik,2017;Lankisch et al.,2019;Acemoglu et al.,2022).However,little literature uses Chinese data to investigate the effects of digital transformation on employees'wage and employment structure,as well as the adjustment of value-creating process reflecte

关 键 词：数字化转型 员工工资 租金分享 就业技能结构 价值创造流程 

分 类 号：F062.5[经济管理—政治经济学]