新冠病毒变异株“奥密克戎”的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2

作　　者：孙泽宇 柴佳彤 许建成[1] SUN Zeyu;CHAI Jiatong;XU Jiancheng(The First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学第一医院,长春130021

出　　处：《病毒学报》2023年第2期517-527,共11页Chinese Journal of Virology

基　　金：吉林省教育厅科学技术研究项目(项目号:JJKH20211177KJ),题目:吉林省健康儿童及青少年血清心肌酶参考区间的建立。

摘　　要：2021年11月在南非首次发现严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron变异株(B.1.1.529),随后世卫组织将该毒株定义为第五种关注变体(VOC)。与其他四种VOC(Alpha、Beta、Gamma和Delta)相比,Omicron是突变最多的毒株,更易传播和发生免疫逃逸。如今Omicron正发展成为全球许多国家的主要毒株,给预防和控制2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)带来新的挑战。本文章旨在对Omicron变异株的流行病学、突变及来源、传染性、核酸和抗原检测、临床致病性、疫苗反应性等信息作一简要综述,以期为监测、预防和疫苗研发策略提供科学参考。The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant(B.1.1.529) was identified in South Africa in November 2021. Subsequently, the World Health Organization defined the strain as the fifth variant of concern(VOC). Compared with the other four VOCs(Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta) of SARS-CoV-2, the Omicron variant is the most mutated strain, is more prone to spread and likely to evade the immune system of humans. It has become the predominant strain in several countries, which brings new challenges to the prevention and control of Coronavirus disease 2019. Here, we provide information on various features of the Omicron variant: epidemiology;mutations;origin;transmissibility;detection of nucleic acids and antigens, pathogenicity;vaccine efficacy. We aim to provide a scientific reference for monitoring, prevention and strategies for vaccine development.

关 键 词：COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 变异株 核酸检测 快速抗原检测 疫苗 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]