村庄吸引力对农村家庭生活能源清洁转型的影响——来自非正式就业的机制解释  

The effect of village attraction on rural household clean energy transition: An explanation from informal off-farm employment

作　　者：畅华仪 张俊飚 何可[1,3] CHANG Huayi;ZHANG Junbiao;HE Ke(College of Economics&Management,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Economics and Management,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Hubei Rural Development Research Center,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,武汉430070 [2]浙江农林大学经济管理学院,杭州311300 [3]湖北农村发展研究中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《资源科学》2023年第2期388-402,共15页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZD091);清华大学中国农村研究院博士论文奖学金项目(202106)。

摘　　要：【目的】中国农村的能源清洁转型正面临村庄人口流失造成的低效率瓶颈,本文试图从村庄吸引力和家庭生计选择视角对农村家庭的清洁能源消费决策给出解释。【方法】基于中国综合社会调查2010—2015年间的家庭数据构建混合截面数据,测算了县级层面的村庄吸引力。在此基础上,利用2015年中国综合社会调查数据实证检验了村庄吸引力对家庭生活能源清洁转型的影响及其中的生计决策机制。【结果】首先,村庄吸引力对农村家庭生活能源清洁转型具有显著正向影响。其次,村庄吸引力越大,家庭越倾向于在本地非正式就业,进而消费更高比重的清洁能源。最后,进一步讨论发现,村庄吸引力对家庭非正式就业的影响存在代际差异,“七零后”家庭更容易受到高村庄吸引力影响而选择非正式就业,而非正式就业可以促进家庭的生活用能清洁转型。【结论】村庄吸引力水平越高,越有利于当地家庭向清洁生活能源转型,而家庭本地非正式就业是实现这一影响的关键机制,且在“农二代”家庭中体现更为明显。这些研究结论为城乡剧变中的农村能源清洁转型提供了新的思路。[Objective]Accessing modern and clean energy can provide a win-win opportunity for rural households by improving the living standard and family welfare.But the energy transition in rural China is facing great challenges from the loss of local population caused by the large-scale rural-urban migration.This study focused on the typical informal off-farm employment in rural China and explored the impacts of household rural-urban migration and employment choices on their energy use decisions from a village attraction perspective,which provides a new livelihood explanation for the current energy transition issue.[Methods]The village attraction indicators were calculated based on the pooled cross-sectional data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)of 2010 to 2015.The intergenerational mobility indicators were calculated to measure the village attraction level in the sample counties.The direct and indirect impacts of village attraction on household energy transition were explored based on a dataset from the CGSS of 2015.Causal mediation analysis was employed to test the mechanism of informal off-farm employment.Permutation test was employed to measure the intergenerational differences in the effects.[Results]The higher the village attraction level,the higher ratio of gas and electricity in energy consumption a household accepted(direct effect).Local informal off-farm employment played an important mediation role in the effects of village attraction on rural household clean energy acceptance(indirect effect).The significant direct and indirect effects were robust when the explained variables changed from energy use structure to clean energy equipment acceptance.But there were no interactive effects of village attraction and informal off-farm employment on household energy transition.The younger residents who were born after 1970 were more likely to engage in local informal off-farm employment,which promoted their acceptance of clean energy.The effects of women’s off-farm employment were not significant in any ge

关 键 词：能源清洁转型 村庄吸引力 非正式就业 农村家庭 代际差异 中国 

分 类 号：F323.214[经济管理—产业经济] F249.2