细辛的化学成分、药理及毒理研究进展  

Chemical Constituents,Pharmacology,and Toxicology of Asari Radix et Rhizoma:A Review

作　　者：刘美婷 王连嵋[2] 孟晶 郑宝鑫 秦莎莎 梁爱华[2] LIU Meiting;WANG Lianmei;MENG Jing;ZHENG Baoxin;QIN Shasha;LIANG Aihua(Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China;Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety of Chinese Medicine,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学,天津301617 [2]中国中医科学院中药研究所中药鉴定与安全性检测评估北京市重点实验室,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2023年第10期224-234,共11页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82192913,82174073);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021B016,CI2021A04801);中国中医科学院中医药防治流感技术体系项目(ZZ-13-035-10);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZXKT20022);岐黄学者支持项目。

摘　　要：细辛是我国的一味传统中药,已有2000多年的用药历史,历代本草多有收录,具有解表散寒、祛风止痛、通窍、温肺化饮的功效,至今仍在临床上广泛用于治疗感冒、新型冠状病毒肺炎、哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、目痛、头痛、牙痛、口腔溃疡、湿疹等病证。现代药理研究显示细辛具有解热、抗炎、止痛、抗菌、抗病毒、止咳平喘、抗过敏等多种作用。细辛具有多种化学成分,其中挥发油,既与散寒解热、止痛抗炎、抗过敏等功效相关,也是其毒性成分。细辛中还含有木脂素类、黄酮类、酰胺类、生物碱、菲类等非挥发油类成分在调节免疫、抗炎止痛、强心扩血管等方面发挥重要作用。其中的菲类化合物主要为马兜铃酸类物质,如马兜铃酸Ⅳa和马兜铃内酰胺Ⅰ,马兜铃酸Ⅳa具有显著抗炎作用。细辛的毒性和黄樟醚和马兜铃酸类成分有关,还受制备方法、剂量、产地、采集时间、药用部位、煎煮时间等多种因素影响,临床应用时应综合考虑。笔者通过检索国内外相关文献,针对细辛的化学成分-药理作用-毒理作用相关性,马兜铃酸、黄樟醚等成分的安全性研究进行了综述,旨在探究细辛的化学成分、药理毒理作用,提供客观认识细辛安全性的新视角,为细辛的临床合理用药、产品风险防控、药品科学监管等提供参考。Asari Radix et Rhizoma(AR)is a traditional Chinese medicine with a history of more than 2000 years of medication and has been included in ancient herbal works in the past dynasties.It is effective in releasing the exterior,dispersing cold,dispelling wind,relieving pain,opening orifices,warming the lung,and resolving fluids,and is still widely used in the clinical treatment of influenza,coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)pneumonia,asthma,allergic rhinitis,eye pain,headache,toothache,oral ulcer,eczema,etc.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that AR has antipyretic,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,antibacterial,antiviral,relieving cough and asthma,anti-allergy,and other effects.AR contains a variety of chemical components,in which essential oil is not only associated with functions such as dispelling cold,relieving heat,relieving pain,and resisting inflammation and allergy,but is also toxic.AR also contains lignans,flavonoids,amides,phenanthrenes,alkaloids,and other non-volatile oil components,which play an important role in immunity regulation,anti-inflammation,pain relief,heart strengthening,and blood vessel expansion.The phenanthrene compounds are mainly aristolochic acid analogues,such as aristolochic acidⅣa and aristolochic lactamⅠ.Aristolochic acidⅣa has been proven to have a significant anti-inflammatory effect.The toxicity of AR is related to safrole,aristolochic acids and their analogues,and is also affected by many factors,such as preparation method,dosage,origin,collection time,medicinal part,and decocting time,which should be comprehensively considered in clinical application.Based on the relevant literature in China and abroad,the present study reviewed the correlation of chemical composition and pharmacological and toxicological effects of AR,and the safety of AR,aristolochic acid,safrole,and other components to provide a new perspective for an objective understanding of AR safety,as well as references for rational clinical application,production risk prevention and control,and drug scientific su

关 键 词：细辛 马兜铃酸 化学成分 挥发油 毒理学研究 药理作用 

分 类 号：R2-0[医药卫生—中医学] R22R242R2-031R285.5