基于正交试验的表面流人工湿地运行效果及影响因素分析  

Analysis of operation effect and influencing factors of surface flow constructed wetland based on orthogonal experiment

作　　者：刘原草 董斌[1] 周王子[1] LIU Yuancao;DONG Bin;ZHOU Wangzi(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（工学版）》2023年第4期396-406,共11页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51779181)。

摘　　要：为优化表面流人工湿地的设计、提高处理效率,针对影响人工湿地水力性能与净化效果的因素,包括植物种类、流量、水深与渗漏量等进行正交试验设计并开展试验。试验结果表明:1)植物种类对水力性能指标有明显影响,低水深和高流量对大部分水力性能指标有改善作用,渗漏量因素的影响不明显;水力性能最优方案为菖蒲,水深为20 cm,无渗漏量,流量为1 L/s;2)表面流人工湿地中总氮的平均浓度由8.56 mg/L降低为7.05 mg/L,主要体现在NH_(4)^(+)-N的去除,NO_(3)^(-)-N去除率仅为5%;在基质种类和特性上存在影响污染物去除效果的未考虑设计参数,睡莲对污染物的净化效果在一定条件下优于苦草和菖蒲;3)净化效果指标和有效容积率、方差等部分水力性能指标呈显著正相关,不同设计因素水平可通过影响水力性能指标来间接影响净化效果;流量越小,水深越大,有效容积率和方差越大,净化效果越好。In order to optimize the design of surface flow constructed wetland and improve operating efficiency,the orthogonal experiments were designed and carried out for the factors affecting the hydraulic performance and purification effect of constructed wetland,including plant species,flow rate,water depth and deep percolation.The analysis shows that:1)plant species has obvious influence on the hydraulic performance indexes,and low water depth and high flow rate can improve most of the hydraulic performance indexes,but the influence of percolation factor is not obvious.The optimal hydraulic performance is calamus,with 20 cm water depth,no leakage,and the flow rate is 1 L/s.2)The average concentration of total nitrogen in surface-flow constructed wetlands decreases from 8.56 mg/L to 7.05 mg/L,which is mainly reflected in the removal of NH_(4)^(+)‒N,and the removal rate of NO_(3)^(-)‒N is only 5%.In terms of the type and properties of substrates,the design parameters which affecte the removal efficiency are not included in the experiments.The purification efficiency of water lily on pollutants is better than that of bittergrass and calamus under certain conditions.3)There is a significant positive correlation between the purification efficiency index and some hydraulic performance indexes such as the effective floor area and variance.Different design factor levels can indirectly affect the purification efficiency by affecting the hydraulic performance index.The smaller the flow,the greater the water depth,and the greater the effective floor area ratio and variance,the better the purification effect.

关 键 词：人工湿地 正交试验 设计参数 优化设计 植物类型 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]