印加孔雀草生物学特征及资源化应用浅析  

Biological Characteristics and Resource Utilization of Tagetes minuta L.

作　　者：王景升[1] 曹凯丽 刘杰 赵彦哲 WANG Jingsheng;CAO Kaili;LIU Jie;ZHAO Yanzhe(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第3期533-541,共9页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The Survey,Collection and Monitoring of Agricultural Wild Plant Resources in Tibet Autonomous Region(13200357).

摘　　要：印加孔雀草原产于南美洲温带草原和海拔相对较高的地区,1990年在我国北京植物园首次发现。1994年白玛达瓦从印度北部山区将其作为藏药引种至米林县卧龙镇岗江村自家庭院内。2010年前后学者发现印加孔雀草在我国多地入侵并逐渐引起社会广泛关注。印加孔雀草种子质量小、颗粒多、具芒刺,易于传播,种子发芽率高,繁殖投资占比20%;植株耐贫瘠,抗干旱,适应昼夜温差大的气候和强光照条件;叶、花中富含芳香物质,可用于药用、食品、调味、保健、化妆品等;根系中的噻吩和精油中的生物活性成分具有抗炎、杀菌、驱虫、灭蚊蝇等效果,对本地物种化感作用明显。印加孔雀草的生物、生态学特征为其种群扩散奠定了物质基础。建议:根据藏族民俗,最好采用物理方法或生物防控技术进行生态防治;加强开发应用技术研究,引导其在藏传佛教用品中发挥经济效益。Tagetes minuta L.is native to the temperate grasslands and relatively high-altitude areas of South America.In 1990,it was first discovered in the Beijing Botanical Garden in China.In 1994,Pema Dawa introduced the species as a Tibetan medicine from the mountains of northern India to his courtyard in Gangjiang Village,Wolong Town,Milin County.Around 2010,scholars discovered that Tagetes minuta L.was widely invasive,which aroused extensive social concern.Featuring small weight,large number,and awns,Tagetes minuta L.,is easy to spread and has a high seed germination rate,with 20%of the reproductive investment.The plant is tolerant of barrenness and drought and adapts to climates with large diurnal temperature differences and strong light conditions.Rich in aromatic substances and essential oils,the leaves and flowers serve medicinal,food,flavoring,health care and cosmetic purposes.Thiophene in the roots and bioactive components in the essential oil have anti-inflammatory,sterilizing,insect-repellent,and fly control effects,with significant allelopathy on native species.The biological and ecological characteristics of Tagetes minuta L.lay the material basis for its population spread.According to Tibetan folklore,we suggest using physical methods or biological control techniques for ecological control and strengthening the research of development and application to guide its economic benefits in Tibetan Buddhist supplies.

关 键 词：印加孔雀草 生物入侵 种群扩张 生态防治 资源利用 

分 类 号：Q949.9[生物学—植物学]