居民对缓解人与野生动物冲突救济金的态度:尼泊尔Shivapuri-Nagarjun国家公园的案例研究  

Attitude of People towards Relief Fund as Human-Wildlife Conflict Management Strategy:A Case Study of Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park,Nepal

作　　者：RAI Pratap JOSHI Rajeev NEUPANE Bijaya POUDEL Bishow KHANAL Sujan RAI Pratap;JOSHI Rajeev;NEUPANE Bijaya;POUDEL Bishow;KHANAL Sujan(The School of Forestry and Natural Resource Management,Institute of Forestry,Tribhuvan University,Kirtipur 44618,Nepal;Department of Forestry,Amity Global Education(Lord Buddha College),Kathmandu 44600,Nepal;Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry,University of Helsinki,Helsinki 00014,Finland;Federation of Community Forestry Users Nepal,Bhaktapur 44800,Nepal)

机构地区：[1]特里布万大学森林与自然资源管理学院,尼泊尔基尔蒂普尔44618 [2]安美提全球教育林业系(佛陀学院),尼泊尔加德满都44600 [3]赫尔辛基大学农林学院,芬兰赫尔辛基00014 [4]尼泊尔社区林业用户联合会,尼泊尔巴克塔普尔44800

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第3期604-615,共12页资源与生态学报（英文版）

摘　　要：本研究旨在评估Shivapuri-Nagarjun国家公园(SNNP)人与动物冲突事件较多的10个缓冲区居民组(BZUG)的三个不同社区的居民对救济基金计划的态度。通过对家庭的半结构化问卷调查,研究了居民态度的差异及其社会经济因素的影响,如年龄、教育、经济状况、作物损害的数量对现行救济计划的满意度的影响。研究共调查了162个住户,获得有效调查问卷153份,占研究区377个住户总数的40.5%,采用非随机抽样方法进行了调查。居民对救济计划的态度分为三个级别(积极、消极或中性)(卡方检验用于确定居民的态度和救济计划是否具有依赖性)。本研究中卡方被用来确定不同社会经济因素的依赖性以及人们对救济计划的态度。结果显示,56%的受访者对救济计划不满意(持消极态度),26%持中立态度,只有18%持积极态度(满意)。对研究区平均101美元的作物损失,仅提供了41.93美元的救济金。同样,对每只124美元的牲畜(山羊)损失救济金额只有73美元。由于补偿款不足和支付延迟,救济基金计划未能使居民的满意度发生变化。因此,建议定期修订救济准则,以解决救济款不足和延迟的问题。此外,还需要进一步研究野生动物损害救济计划及其成本效益和适当措施,以弥补该计划的缺陷。The present study aimed to assess if the people are satisfied with the relief fund scheme in the three different user committees belonging to 10 Buffer Zone User Group(BZUG)of Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park(SNNP)in the situation with the higher incidents of conflict on those areas.Differences in local people’s attitudes and the effect of socio-economic factors like age,education,economic status,the quantity of crop damage,and their influence on the satisfaction level of people towards the prevailing relief scheme were mainly captured using a semi-structured questionnaire survey of the households.A total of 162 households(HHs),comprising 40.5%of the total 377 households,were surveyed using a purposive sampling method.People’s attitude towards relief schemes was measured at three levels(positive,negative,or neutral)while the Chi-square test at 5%level of significance was used to determine whether people’s attitudes and relief schemes were dependent or not.Similarly,Chi-square test was used to determine the dependency of different socioeconomic factors and people’s attitudes towards the relief scheme.The results showed that the majority of respondents i.e.56%were not satisfied(negative attitude)with the relief scheme,26%were neutral and only 18%of respondents were positive towards the relief fund(satisfied).A mere 41.93 USD was provided as relief against the crop loss of 101 USD at an average in the study area.Similarly,73 USD was the relief amount for livestock loss(goat)of 124 USD per case.Owing to inadequate and delayed payment,the relief fund scheme was unable to bring a satisfactory change in the attitudes of people.Thus,the regular amendments of relief guidelines to address insufficient and delayed payment are recommended.Additionally,further studies on the wildlife damage relief schemes and its cost-effectiveness and appropriate measures to manage the drawback of this scheme are required.

关 键 词：态度 保护 作物受损 毁坏 牲畜 

分 类 号：F135.5[经济管理—世界经济] X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]