西周铜牌形韅饰新说  

New Insight into the Bronze Plaque-shaped Ornaments of Xian of the Western Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：王洋 种建荣 雷兴山 Wang Yang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院 [2]陕西省考古研究院 [3]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《文物》2023年第3期64-76,1,共14页Cultural Relics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“西周墓地结构与族群关系研究”(项目批准号:19YJC780005)成果。

摘　　要：文献中有“韅”。《释名·释车》:“韅,经也,横经其腹下也。”[1]《史记·礼书》载“鲛韅弥龙”,《集解》引徐广曰:“韅者,当马腋之革。”《索引》:“韅,马腹带也。”[2]韅是横束马腹的革带,其作用在于将马与车衡连为一体,利用马全身重量下压,以防因车舆后重,、衡上翘,而使马颈下的鞅(颈)压迫马喉[3]。秦始皇陵1号、2号铜车马上就见有。In the Western Zhou tomb M10 at the Kongtougou Site in Qishan,archaeologists discovered 96 bronze plaque-shaped ornaments for decorating the Xian-harness.They can be divided into two categories and seven types in terms of different shapes,and four groups according to their featured decorations.By comparing the complete set of bronze plaque-shaped ornaments of Xian found in chariot and horse pits in Zhangjiapo,this paper identified four kinds and at least nine sets of Xian's ornaments buried in M1o,and further restored their configuration;furthermore,they can also be distinguished by decorating at the center or on the side of Xian.Relied on these criteria,this paper also identified and restored other comparable plaque-shaped ornaments of Xian unearthed before.The paper found that the plaque-shaped ornaments of Xian were prevalent in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty,mostly seen in the Guanzhong area.They and their matched clay molds sometimes coexisted in the same settlement and sometimes were found in different settlements,implying local and cross-regional two modes of circulation.This paper deepens the study of design and practice systems of chariot and horse fittings and provides new clues to explore the production and circulation of Western Zhou bronzes.

关 键 词：秦始皇陵 车舆 铜车马 横束 西周 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K224[历史地理—历史学]