跨国家政女工:父权制、资本主义和性别阶级的“共谋”  

Transnational Domestic Women Workers:The“Collusion”of Patriarchy,Capitalism and Gender Class

作　　者：李勇 LI Yong(School of law,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou,550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第2期101-111,共11页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“当代国外马克思主义法学最新动向和趋势研究”(21BFX025)。

摘　　要：在父权制主导的社会中,贫穷不成比例地落在女性身上,加之性别歧视克减其就业机会,到国外从事家政工作成了“暂时的母性策略”。女性成为跨国家政佣工并未打破传统性别角色安排,丈夫仍以掌握报酬等形式彰显其主导权,她们所从事的家政工作亦被认为是具有女性特征的“非生产性劳动”。父权制还通过恶化跨国家政女工的性处境来维持,这使她们不仅被定性为性泛滥的存在,也易遭受性骚扰和性虐待。在资本逻辑的作用下,移工中介以“服务费”“入境费”“迁移费”等名目向跨国家政女工收取高额中介费;作为类资本家的雇主则通过延长工时、增加工作量、拒绝改善工作/生活环境、给予低工资等方式对其进行压榨。女性内部的阶级分化,导致跨国家政女工的替代劳动衍化为特权阶级女性寻求解放的工具。对来自南方国家的贫穷跨国家政女工来说,成为特权阶级女性的家务劳动替代者非但不是实现性别阶级跨越的正道,还使其在伦理位序中降格,进而实质性地沦为仆从性的存在。父权制伤害、资本主义剥削与女性群体内部的阶级压迫,三者彼此交织,共同造就了跨国家政女工面临的消极境遇。In a patriarchal-dominated society,poverty falls disproportionately on women,and with gender discrimination reducing their employment opportunities,doing domestic work abroad has become a"temporary maternal strategy".Women becoming transnational domestic women workers do not break the traditional gender role arrangement,husbands still show their dominant power in the form of mastering the remuneration,etc.,and the domestic work they engage in is also considered as""non-productive labor"which is suitable for women.Patriarchy is also maintained by worsening the sexual situation of transnational domestic women workers,which makes them not only characterized as the existence of sexual flood,but also vulnerable to sexual harassment and sexual abuse.Under the action of capital logic,migrant intermediaries charge high intermediary fees to transnational domestic women workers in the name of"service fees","entry fees","migration fees",etc.Employers,who have been seen as capitalists squeeze them by extending working hours,increasing workloads,refusing to improve working/living conditions,and giving low wages.The class differentiation within women has led to the alternative labor of transnational domestic women workers as tools for the emancipation of privileged class women.For the poor transnational domestic women workers from the South,becoming a domestic work substitute for privileged class women,is not the right way to leapfrog the gender class,but make them degraded in the ethical order,and thus substantively descend to a subservient existence.Patriarchy injury,capitalist exploitation,and class oppression within the women group are intertwined,jointly creating the negative situation faced by transnational domestic women workers.

关 键 词：跨国家政女工 父权制 剥削 性别阶级 女仆 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]