中药毒性化学成分及解毒方法  

Toxic chemical components and detoxification methods of traditional Chinese medicine

作　　者：文喜艳 周鹏发 魏秀娟 秦志福 王炯[3] 路亚峰 WEN Xiyan;ZHOU Pengfa;WEI Xiujuan;QIN Zhifu;WANG Jiong;LU Yafeng(Qingyang People's Hospital,Qingyang Gansu 745000,China;Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Lanzhou Gansu 730050,China;Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou Gansu 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省庆阳市人民医院,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]甘肃省妇幼保健院,甘肃兰州730050 [3]甘肃省中医院,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《中兽医医药杂志》2023年第2期34-38,共5页Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：甘肃中医药大学附属医院院内一般项目(GZYY-2021-20)。

摘　　要：随着中药和中成药在临床上的大量使用,对其毒性及不良反应现象更加重视。通过查阅中药毒性的化学成分、中药的中毒表现及解毒方法等相关文献,可知毒性中药主要有生马钱子、生半夏、生川乌、斑蝥、雪上一枝蒿、砒霜和水银等,毒性中药的化学成分主要有生物碱类、萜类、内酯类、毒性蛋白类、毒苷类、动物类和矿物类等,主要毒性反应有肝毒性、肾毒性、神经毒性、胚胎毒性、生殖毒性和遗传毒性等。中药材炮制和中药材配伍可降低中药毒性,洗胃、导泻和催吐等方法为中药中毒后主要的排毒措施。本文对中药的毒性成分及解毒方法进行总结,为中药的合理用药提供理论依据。With the extensive clinical use of traditional Chinese medicines and proprietary Chinese medicines,their toxicity and adverse reactions have been given emphasis.By consulting the literature on the chemical composition of the toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines,the poisoning manifestations of traditional Chinese medicines and interpretation methods,it can be known that the main toxic Chinese medicines are Strychni Semen,Pinellia ternata,Aconitum carmichaelii,Mylabris,Radix Aconiti Brachypodi,Arsenolite and Hydrargyum,etc.,and the chemical components of toxic traditional Chinese medicines mainly include alkaloids,terpenes,lactones,toxic proteins,toxicosides,animals and minerals,etc.,and the main toxic reactions are hepatotoxicity,nephrotoxicity,neurotoxicity,embryotoxicity,reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity.The preparation of Chinese medicinal materials and the combination of Chinese medicinal materials can reduce the toxicity of Chinese medicines,and clinical methods such as gastric lavage,catharsis and vomiting are the main detoxification measures after poisoning of Chinese medicines.This article summarized the toxic components and interpretation methods of traditional Chinese medicines,which would provide a certain theoretical basis for the rational use of traditional Chinese medicines in clinical practice.

关 键 词：中药 毒性 化学成分 中毒 解毒方法 

分 类 号：S853.7[农业科学—临床兽医学]