基于符号学的语言意识形态研究——从“指向性”到“呈符化”的进展  

Semiotics-based Approaches to Language Ideology Studies:A Move from"Indexicality"to"Rhematization"

作　　者：田海龙 TIAN Haiong(School of Foreign Languages,China University of Petroleum,Beijing)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)外国语学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2023年第2期300-316,共17页Contemporary Linguistics

摘　　要：语言意识形态是对语言本质、结构及其在社会生活中的运用作出的具有道德和政治意义的表述。语言意识形态研究在社会语言学特别是语言人类学领域主要体现在西尔弗斯坦关于“指向性”的研究以及戈尔和厄文关于“呈符化”的研究上面。本文对语言意识形态的探究聚焦两个问题:1)该课题得以凸显的社会语言学背景;2)“指向性”和“呈符化”这两个概念体现的语言意识形态研究及其发展,并阐释说明三个问题:1)语言意识形态研究可以溯源至皮尔斯符号学关于解释项的“猜想”决定符号与对象关系类别的相关论述;2)语言意识形态研究的基本内容是剖析说者对语言变体主观认识的机制以及这种认识造成社会后果的过程;3)“呈符化”概念在皮尔斯符号学框架内实现了对“指向性”概念的超越,深化了语言意识形态研究的内容。Language ideology,conceptualized as morally and politically loaded representation of nature,structure,and use of language in a social world,can be traced back to C.S.Peirce's semiotics.The present article therefore attempts to delineate sets of concepts drawn on semiotics,namely the concepts relevant with indexicality proposed by Michael Silverstein and those around rhematization proposed by Susan Gal and Judith Irvine.In doing so,the article makes a tentative argument that the latter goes beyond the former within the framework of Peirce's semiotics.The article first addresses the issue of the coalescence of linguistic anthropology with variationist sociolinguistics in terms of language ideology studies,and shows that the orientation to language users'agency in variationist sociolinguistics witnesses the appearance of language ideology studies in linguistic anthropology.This point is discussed in the second section of this article,indicating that language ideology proposed in linguistic anthropology is investigated against the background that variationist sociolinguistics moves from its first wave to the second,where the agency of language users becomes a key issue of research.Then the consequent two sections are devoted to address respectively Silverstein's highlight of language ideology in terms of indexicality and Gal and Irvine's account of language ideology as semiotic process of rhematization.Both issues are discussed to see how relevant concepts are deployed to account for the process of ideological process.Regarding Silverstein's work,his concepts of indexicality and indexical order are discussed to show,for example,how language ideology can assign an index with a social meaning and how the first order indexical correlation moves to the second.Regarding Gal and Irvine's work,concepts such as rhematization,axis of differentiation,erasure and fractual recursivity are discussed to show how they bring language ideology to a focus in understanding the ways in which contrasting qualities perceived in the signs

关 键 词：语言意识形态 皮尔斯符号学 指向性 呈符化 语言人类学 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]