动物克隆及其相关重编程机制研究  

Research Progress on Animal Cloning and Related Reprogramming Mechanisms

作　　者：艾怡瑞 刘思奇 李世峰[1] 李逸平[1] AI Yirui;LIU Siqi;LI Shifeng;LI Yiping(State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology,Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院分子细胞卓越创新中心/生物化学与细胞生物学研究所,细胞生物学国家重点实验室,上海市分子男科学重点实验室,上海200031

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2023年第3期543-549,共7页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(批准号:2019YFA0109900)资助的课题。

摘　　要：体细胞核移植技术已成功克隆出绵羊、牛、小鼠、猪、猕猴等多种动物,克隆技术也被广泛应用于畜牧业、生物医学、基础科研等众多领域。但是克隆的成功率较低,且克隆后代经常出现各种畸形,关键原因之一就是供体细胞重编程不完全。供体细胞核在进入去核卵后,会经历核膜降解、早熟染色质凝集、卵母细胞激活、核扩张、合子基因组激活等一系列事件,期间会发生染色质结构重编程、组蛋白变体合并、组蛋白修饰重编程、DNA甲基化重编程等多种重编程过程,只有重编程成功的胚胎才能正常发育成个体。该文总结了近年来克隆中重编程研究的进展并介绍了新兴的半克隆技术,希望以此加深对重编程机制的了解,从而使克隆的效率得到提高。Sheep,cattle,mice,pigs,rhesus monkeys and other animals have been successfully cloned using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology.Cloning technology is also widely used in stock farming,biomedicine,basic scientific research and many other fields.However,the success rate of cloning is low,and the cloned progeny often have various abnormalities.One of the key reasons is the incomplete reprogramming of donor cells.After the donor nucleus enters the enucleated egg,it will undergo a series of events such as nuclear envelope degradation,premature chromosome condensation,oocyte activation,nuclear expansion,and zygotic genome activation,during which chromatin structure reprogramming,histone variant integration,histone modification reprogramming,DNA methylation reprogramming and other reprogramming processes will occur.Only successfully reprogrammed embryos can develop into individuals normally.This paper summarizes the progress of reprogramming research in cloning in recent years and introduces emerging semi-clone technology,hoping to deepen the understanding of the reprogramming mechanism,so that the efficiency of cloning can be improved.

关 键 词：克隆 体细胞核移植 半克隆技术 重编程 

分 类 号：Q813[生物学—生物工程]