Polymer Translocation  

作　　者：Lu-Wei Lu Zhen-Hua Wang An-Chang Shi Yu-Yuan Lu Li-Jia An 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022,China [2]University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China [3]Department of Physics and Astronomy,McMaster University,Hamilton,Ontario L8S4M1,Canada

出　　处：《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》2023年第5期683-698,I0007,共17页高分子科学（英文版）

基　　金：financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0713601);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22073092 and 21790340);the Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDYSSW-SLH027)。

摘　　要：The translocation of a polymer through a pore that is much smaller than its size is a fundamental and actively researched topic in polymer physics.An understanding of the principles governing polymer translocation provides important guidance for various practical applications,such as the separation and purification of polymers,nanopore-based single-molecule deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid(DNA/RNA)sequencing,transmembrane transport of DNA or RNA,and infection of bacterial cells by bacteriophages.The past several decades have seen great progresses on the study of polymer translocation.Here we present an overview of theoretical,experimental,and simulational stduies on polymer translocation,focusing on the roles played by several important factors,including initial polymer conformations,external fields,polymer topology and architectures,and confinement degree.We highlight the physical mechanisms of different types of polymer translocations,and the main controversies about the basic rules of translocation dynamics.We compare and contrast the behaviors of force-induced versus flow-induced translocations and the effects of unknotted versus knotted polymers.Finally,we mention several opportunities and challenges in the study of polymer translocation.

关 键 词：Polymer translocation Knotted polymers Translocation time Critical flux 

分 类 号：O631[理学—高分子化学]