资源集聚与城市再造——156项工程建设时期上海与洛阳的共振  

Shanghai and Luoyang During the 156 Projects

作　　者：林盼[1] Lin Pan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,100836

出　　处：《当代中国史研究》2023年第2期70-85,158,共17页Contemporary China History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘156项’建设工程资料整理与相关企业发展变迁研究”(19ZDA224)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：“一五”计划期间,中国从苏联和东欧国家引进了156项重点工矿业基本建设项目,为了平衡区域之间的经济发展,发挥原料产地和地理交通优势,并出于国防安全的考虑,156项工程基本没有在沿海工业重镇设点,而是将主要项目放在了西北、西南和东北等内陆地区。在这一过程中,以上海为代表的沿海工业城市给予大力支持,为内陆城市提供所需的产业和人力资源,也由此实现了城市“再造”。通过对上海和工业建设重镇洛阳之间资源横向转移的研究可以看到,尽管156项工程没有落户上海,但上海在重点工程和工业城市的建设过程中,时时处于“在场”状态,体现出“全国一盘棋”的特征。对156项工程建设期间资源横向转移的机制效果进行总结,将为我们进一步阐释“集中力量办大事”的制度优势提供基本经验和启示。It was during the“First Five-Year Plan”that China introduced 156 key construction projects from the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries.In order to balance the economic development between regions,give full play to the advantages of raw material production and geographical transportation,and for the sake of national defense security,156 projects were basically not located in coastal industrial towns,but mainly located in the Northwest,Southwest and Northeast and other inland areas.In this process,the coastal industrial cities represented by Shanghai gave strong support to provide the necessary industrial and human resources for the inland cities,thus realizing the“reconstruction”of the city.Through the research on the horizontal transfer of resources between Shanghai and Luoyang,an important industrial construction city,it could be seen that although 156 projects had not been settled in Shanghai,Shanghai was always there during the construction of key projects and industrial cities,reflecting a whole-of-nation approach.The summary of the mechanism effect of the horizontal transfer of resources during the construction of 156 projects will provide us with basic experience and enlightenment to further explain the institutional strength which has the ability to mobilize resources to accomplish major initiatives.

关 键 词：资源集聚 城市再造 上海 洛阳 156项工程 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学] F417[历史地理—中国史]