济南市冬季PM_(2.5)中元素的污染特征、来源及健康风险评价  

Pollution characteristics,sources and health risk assessment of elements in PM_(2.5) during wintertime in Jinan city

作　　者：周瑞文 陈敏 李园园 王亚晨 李政 孟静静 侯战方 朱成达 ZHOU Ruiwen;CHEN Min;LI Yuanyuan;WANG Yachen;LI Zheng;MENG Jingjing;HOU Zhanfang;ZHU Chengda(School of Geography and Environment,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng,252000,China;State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an,710061,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学地理与环境学院,聊城252000 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所,黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710061

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第4期1280-1292,共13页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42177083);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020MD113);黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLLQG2020)资助.

摘　　要：为探究济南市冬季PM_(2.5)中元素的污染特征、来源及健康风险,于2019年1—2月在山东大学中心校区分昼、夜采集PM_(2.5)样品,利用能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,ED-XRF)分析19种元素的含量,并采用富集因子法、正定矩阵因子模型和潜在源贡献因子法分析其来源,再利用环境健康风险评估模型对重金属的健康风险进行评价.结果表明,济南市冬季PM_(2.5)中地壳元素(Ca、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ti和Fe)和重金素元素(V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Ba和Pb)的总浓度分别为(11.5±1.4)μg·m^(-3)和(432.3±165)ng·m^(-3),分别占元素总质量浓度的80.4%和3.0%;污染期元素的总质量浓度是清洁期的1.2倍,但元素总浓度在PM_(2.5)中的占比却从污染期的9.6%上升至清洁期的28.2%,说明元素的富集不是PM_(2.5)升高的原因;污染期重金属元素的富集因子(enrichment factors,EFs)显著高于清洁期,表明人为污染物的排放是导致灰霾形成的主要原因;PM_(2.5)中的元素主要来自扬尘与工业源(36.3%)、交通源(27.9%)、煤炭燃烧源(19.4%)和生物质燃烧源(16.4%);济南市的潜在源分析的结果表明,不同来源贡献的潜在源区差异较为明显,济南市冬季PM_(2.5)中的元素不仅受到济南周边城市的影响,还受邻近省份远距离传输的影响;济南市的重金属对人群不具有非致癌风险,Cr、Co、Ni和As对人群均存在致癌风险,尤其是Cr对成年男性具有不可忽视致癌风险.To investigate the pollution characteristics,sources,and health risks of elements in PM_(2.5) during the wintertime in Jinan City,PM_(2.5) samples were collected from January to February of 2019 on a day/night basis at the central campus of Shandong University.Nineteen kinds of elements in PM_(2.5) were measured by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.The sources of the elements were analyzed by enrichment factors(EFs),positive matrix factorization(PMF),and potential source contribution function(PSCF).In addition,the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s(EPA)health risk assessment method was used to evaluate the health risks of the trace elements.The results showed that the mass concentration of crustal elements including Ca、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ti,and Fe)and trace elements including V,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Ba,and Pb were(11.5±1.4)μg·m^(-3) and(432.3±165)ng·m^(-3),which accounted for 80.4%and 3.0%of the total concentrations of elements,respectively.Compared with the clean days,the total concentration of elements in haze days was 1.2 times that in the cleaning days,but the proportion of the total concentrations in PM_(2.5) increased from 9.6%in the haze days to 28.2%in the cleaning days,indicating that the accumulation of metal elements was not the main factor for the increase of PM_(2.5).The EFs value of the majority of pollution elements were higher in haze days than those in clean days,indicating that the increase of anthropogenic pollution sources may be the dominant factor leading to the occurrence of haze days.The results of PMF showed that the fugitive dust plus industrial emission,traffic source,coal burning,and biomass burning were the primary sources of elements5 in Jinan City,which accounted for 36.3%,27.9%,19.4%,and 16.4%,respectively.The results of PSCF indicated that the concentrations of elements during the wintertime in Jinan were significantly affected by the surrounding regions and the long-distance transport.The results of health risk assessment suggested that heavy

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 重金属 源解析 潜在源分析 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]