花荚期模拟热浪胁迫对大豆产量性状的影响  

Effect of stimulated heatwave stress on soybean yield components

作　　者：莫先树 梁家铭 曹倩 陈红梅 商炳哲 赵越 梁福琴 李得孝[1] MO Xianshu;LIANG Jiaming;CAO Qian;CHEN Hongmei;SHANG Bingzhe;ZHAO Yue;LIANG Fuqin;LI Dexiao(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Yan’an Agriculture Sciences,Yan’an,Shaanxi 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]延安市农业科学研究院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期40-47,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划七大农作物育种专项(2017YFD0101400);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZDLNY01-10)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究花荚期气温、相对湿度和热浪胁迫持续时间对大豆产量性状的影响,为人工气候室条件下大豆花荚期耐热浪胁迫鉴定提供依据。【方法】利用人工气候室模拟干/湿热浪,设置动态温度和恒温2种温度模式:28~42℃变温模式和昼夜定温模式(28℃/24℃(对照)、34℃/28℃、38℃/30℃、42℃/30℃),以及2个空气相对湿度水平(30%和60%),以邯豆5号为材料,分别在盛花期(R2)和盛荚期(R4)进行不同持续时间(3,5,7 d)的模拟热浪胁迫处理,测定大豆单株有效荚数、单株粒数、百粒质量和单株粒质量的变化。【结果】花荚期遭遇模拟热浪胁迫,随着胁迫处理持续时间延长,除百粒质量外,大豆的单株粒数、单株有效荚数和单株粒质量均呈下降趋势;持续处理7 d后,盛花期(R2)单株粒数和单株有效荚数显著降低26.64%和28.77%,盛荚期(R4)单株粒质量和单株粒数显著降低34.99%和23.26%。在模拟湿热浪处理下(昼夜RH 60%+梯度高温),大豆单株粒质量随处理持续时间延长而显著下降,其中处理3 d减产不显著。R4期处理的胁迫反应大于R2期,单株粒质量降幅分别为34.99%和26.64%。在梯度高温条件下,干热处理(RH 30%昼/60%夜)对大豆产量性状的影响大于湿热处理(RH 60%昼/60%夜),其中模拟干热浪处理(RH 30%昼/60%夜+梯度高温)持续5 d,单株粒质量降幅为70.63%(R2期)和52.41%(R4期)。在干热胁迫(RH 30%昼/60%夜)定温处理中,大豆花荚期遭受38℃/30℃和42℃/30℃昼夜定温处理均导致产量相关指标显著下降,但二者差异不显著。在干热条件下(RH 30%昼/60%夜),定温和梯度高温处理对大豆产量相关性状的影响趋势相似,但变温处理的胁迫更严重。【结论】人工气候室的空气相对湿度和温度设置模式,胁迫处理持续时间,以及大豆所处的生育阶段均对大豆产量性状有显著影响。利用人工气候室模拟干热胁迫条件,可设置相对湿度(RH)30%【Objective】This study explored the effect of air temperature,relative humidity,flowering/podding stages and duration of stress on yield related traits to provide experimental basis for identifying heatwave tolerance of soybean in artificial growth chamber.【Method】The artificial growth chamber was used to stimulate dry/wet heatwave with gradient temperature regime of 28-42℃and constant day/night temperature regimes of 28℃/24℃(control),34℃/28℃,38℃/30℃and 42℃/30℃as well as two relative humidity(RH)regimes of 30%day/60%night and 60%day/60%night.The soybean variety of Handou 5 were treated for 3,5 and 7 d at the full bloom(R2)and full pod(R4)stages and pod number per plant,seed number per plant,100-seed weight and seed weight per plant were measured.【Result】With the elongation of stimulated heatwave stress at the flowering/podding stage of soybean,seed number per plant,pod number per plant and seed weight per plant decreased significantly.After 7 d treatment,seed number and pod number per plant decreased by 26.64%and 28.77%at R2 stage,and they decreased by 34.99%and 23.26%at R4 stage.Under wet heatwave stimulation(RH 60%day/night and gradient temperature),soybean seed weight per plant decreased with the elongation of stress,while no significant difference was detected for 3 d stress.The R4 stage was more sensitive to heatwave stress than the R2 stage,with the decrease of seed weight per plant by 34.99%and 26.64%,respectively.Under the gradient temperature regime,dry heatwave stimulation(RH 30%day/60%night)had more significant effect on soybean yield traits than the wet heatwave(RH 60%day/60%night),and seed weight per plant decreased by 70.63%and 52.41%after 5 d treatment of dry heatwave at the R2 and R4 stage,respectively.In the treatments of dry heat stress with constant temperature regimes and RH 30%day/60%night,the temperature regimes of 38℃day/30℃night and 42℃day/30℃night resulted in significant decrease of soybean yield traits without difference among them.Under the dry condi

关 键 词：大豆 花荚期 热浪胁迫 产量性状 

分 类 号：S565.101[农业科学—作物学] S565.103.4