宁夏枸杞园土壤中新烟碱类农药残留特征及风险评估  

Distribution characteristics and potential risk of neonicotinoid pesticides in soils from Lycium barbarum L.orchard in Ningxia

作　　者：韩新宁[1] 张慧[2] 张俊华[3] 王芳[4] HAN Xinning;ZHANG Hui;ZHANG Junhua;WANG Fang(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Ningxia Normal University,Guyuan,Ningxia 756000,China;School of Mathematics and Computer Science,Ningxia Normal University,Guyuan,Ningxia 756000,China;Breeding Base for Sate Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China/Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China,College of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;College of Geographical Sciences and Planning,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏师范学院化学化工院,宁夏固原756000 [2]宁夏师范学院数学与计算机科学学院,宁夏固原756000 [3]宁夏大学生态环境学院西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地/西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期66-73,80,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03268);国家自然科学基金项目(42067022)。

摘　　要：【目的】摸清宁夏枸杞园土壤中新烟碱类农药吡虫啉和啶虫脒残留水平和风险状况,为宁夏枸杞产业健康发展提供科学依据。【方法】选择种植1,3,6,9,12,15和18年(弃耕2年)枸杞园,在距离枸杞植株主干3 cm、冠层正下方、冠层边缘和距冠层外缘50 cm 4个水平方向,及树冠正下方0~20,20~40,40~60,60~80和80~100 cm 5个垂直方向分别采集土样,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定分析土样中吡虫啉和啶虫脒的残留特征,运用风险商值法和美国环境保护署(USEPA)方法,评价宁夏枸杞园土壤中新烟碱类农药吡虫啉和啶虫脒残留引起的环境风险和对人体的暴露风险。【结果】①宁夏枸杞园表层土壤中吡虫啉和啶虫脒残留量分别为ND~162.66 ng/g(平均37.33 ng/g)和ND~101.50 ng/g(平均24.30 ng/g)。水平方向上在树冠正下方2种农药残留量和检出率都较低。0~100 cm土层内,随着土层深度的增加,吡虫啉和啶虫脒的残留量均急剧下降。②种植1~12年,随着种植年限的增加,枸杞园土壤中吡虫啉和啶虫脒的残留量都有逐渐增大趋势。种植15年的土壤新烟碱类农药在80~100 cm土层有明显富集现象。③种植3~15年的表层土壤中新烟碱类农药存在中等环境风险;种植3~12年在20~60 cm土层部分有中低风险,但60~100 cm土层均无潜在环境风险。④宁夏枸杞园土壤中吡虫啉和啶虫脒的暴露风险主要以土壤摄入和皮肤接触为主;儿童对土壤中吡虫啉和啶虫脒的潜在暴露风险远高于成人;目前宁夏枸杞园土壤中新烟碱类农药不会对当地居民的健康带来危害。【结论】宁夏枸杞园土壤中新烟碱类农药残留量较低,对土壤环境有中低风险,但对人体健康无危害。【Objective】This study determined the residual level and risk of imidacloprid and acetamiprid in soil of Lycium barbarum L.orchards in Ningxia to provide basis for the healthy development of Lycium barbarum L.industry.【Method】In 1,3,6,9,12,15 and 18 years(abandoned for 2 years)old Lycium barbarum L.orchards,soil samples were collected in four horizontal directions(3 cm from plant trunk,directly below canopy,canopy edge and 50 cm from outer edge of canopy)and five vertical directions(0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-100 cm directly below canopy),and the residue characteristics of imidacloprid and acetamiprid of soil were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The environmental risks of imidacloprid and acetamiprid were evaluated by risk quotient method,and human body exposure risks were evaluated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)method.【Result】①The overall residues of imidacloprid and acetamiprid were ND-162.66 ng/g(average 37.33 ng/g)and ND-101.50 ng/g(average 24.30 ng/g),respectively.In the horizontal direction,the residues and detection rates of the two pesticides below canopy were low.In 0-100 cm soil layer,the residues decreased sharply with the increase of soil depth.②With the increase of planting years,the residues of imidacloprid and acetamiprid in surface soil increased gradually with the increase of planting years from 1 to 12 years.The neonicotinoid pesticides were enriched in 80-100 cm after 15 years.③There was moderate risk of neonicotinoid pesticides in the surface soil for 3 to 15 years.There was medium to low risk in the 20-60 cm layer for 3 to 12 years,and no potential risk in the 60-100 cm layer.④The main exposure risks of imidacloprid and acetamiprid in soil of Lycium barbarum L.orchards were soil intake and skin contact.The potential exposure risk of children to imidacloprid and acetamiprid in soil was higher than that of adults,but the neonicotinoid pesticides in soil had no harm to residential health.【Conclusion】The residues

关 键 词：枸杞园 吡虫啉 啶虫脒 农药残留 风险评估 宁夏 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学] TQ450.263[农业科学—植物保护]