植烟土壤和烟叶中多环芳烃的污染特征及污染源解析  

Pollution characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco-growing soil and tobacco

作　　者：马军 谭长银[2] 吴兰艳 秦航道 王勇 MA Jun;TAN Changyin;WU Lanyan;QIN Hangdao;WANG Yong(College of Materials and Chemistry,Tongren University,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China;School of Geographic Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院材料与化学工程学院,贵州铜仁554300 [2]湖南师范大学地理科学学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期101-111,共11页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般224);国家自然科学基金项目(22166031);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20220514);贵州省青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2019]173)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析贵州松桃县植烟土壤和烟叶中多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量及污染特征,并解析其污染来源,为烟区土壤-烤烟体系的环境评价、PAHs污染修复提供参考。【方法】2020年7月,分别采集贵州省铜仁市松桃县烤烟成熟期40个土壤样品和40个新鲜烟叶样品,测定了16种PAHs含量,分析土壤和烟叶中PAHs的组成特征,并解析其在土壤-烤烟体系中的污染来源。【结果】贵州松桃县植烟土壤中16种PAHs的总含量为166.74~989.43μg/kg,平均含量为600.77μg/kg,其中以3~5环PAHs所占比例较高(78.7%);致癌性的∑7PAHs含量为70.97~365.71μg/kg,平均含量为221.13μg/kg,占16种PAHs总含量的24.5%~62.7%,其中具有强致癌性的苯并(b)荧蒽(BbF)、苯并(k)荧蒽(BkF)和苯并(a)芘(BaP)的平均占比分别为5.18%,5.32%和6.03%;在松桃县烤烟烟叶中,16种PAHs的含量为502.79~2217.15μg/kg,平均值为1011.23μg/kg,其中4~5环PAHs占75.1%;致癌性的∑7PAHs含量为293.53~1730.72μg/kg,平均含量为707.03μg/kg,占16种PAHs总含量的56.0%~85.5%;其中具有强致癌性的BbF、BkF和BaP平均占比分别为10.19%,7.78%和39.96%。烟叶中的PAHs平均含量高于土壤。根据欧洲农业土壤中PAHs的控制标准,本研究有50%的土壤样品处于PAHs中度污染水平,45%的土壤样品处于PAHs轻度污染水平。诊断比例法解析表明,PAHs主要来源于当地工业生产活动、车用石油燃烧及煤炭、秸秆、木材的高温燃烧排放,最终通过大气沉降和叶面吸收进入土壤-烤烟体系;此外,烤烟种植和管理中塑料薄膜及肥料的使用也是土壤PAHs累积的重要来源。【结论】工业活动和农膜及肥料的使用,使贵州松桃县土壤-烤烟体系中PAHs出现累积,可能会对当地生态环境和居民(尤其是烟农)健康造成威胁,应当引起足够重视。【Objective】To provide reference for environmental assessment and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)pollution in tobacco-growing area in Songtao,Guizhou,the contents,characteristics and sources of PAHs in soil and tobacco leaves collected from tobacco-growing areas were analyzed.【Method】In July 2020,40 soil samples and 40 fresh tobacco samples at the mature stage of flue-cured tobacco were collected from Songtao,Tongren,Guizhou.Contents of 16 PAHs were determined,the composition characteristics of PAHs in soil and tobacco were analyzed,and the sources were analyzed.【Result】The total contents of 16 PAHs in soils ranged from 166.74 to 989.43μg/kg,with the mean of 600.77μg/kg.The PAHs with 3-5 rings had the highest ratio of 78.7%.The content of carcinogenic∑7PAHs was 70.97-365.71μg/kg,with the mean of 221.13μg/kg,accounting for 24.5%-62.7%of the total.The average proportions of benzo(b)fluoranthene(BbF),benzo(K)fluoranthene(BkF)and benzo(a)pyrene(BaP)were 5.18%,5.32%and 6.03%,respectively.The total contents of 16 PAHs in tobacco varied from 502.79 to 2217.15μg/kg,with the mean of 1011.23μg/kg.The contents of 4-5 ring PAHs accounted for 75.1%of the total.The contents of carcinogenic∑7PAHs ranged from 293.53 to 1730.72μg/kg,with the mean of 707.03μg/kg,accounting for 56.0%-85.5%of the total.BbF,BkF and BaP with strong carcinogenicity accounted for 10.19%,7.78%and 39.96%,respectively.The average content of PAHs in tobacco was higher than that in soil.According to the European control standard of PAHs in agricultural soil,50%soil samples were at the moderate contamination level and 45%were at the mild level contamination.Diagnosis ratio method showed that PAHs were emitted from industrial production activities,petroleum and the combustion of coal,straw and wood,and eventually accumulated in the soil-tobacco system by atmospheric precipitation and foliar absorption.The use of plastic film and fertilizers were also important sources of soil PAHs.【Conclusion】The accumulation of

关 键 词：植烟土壤 烟叶 多环芳烃 污染源 贵州松桃 

分 类 号：S572.044[农业科学—烟草工业] S151.93[农业科学—作物学]