石英的结构和微量元素特征研究进展及其在岩浆‒热液矿床中的应用  

Research Progress on Textural and Trace Element Characteristics of Quartz and its Application in Magmatic-Hydrothermal Deposits

作　　者：卞玉冰 邹少浩 许德如 陈喜连 邓腾 万泰安 李博[1] BIAN Yubing;ZOU Shaohao;XU Deru;CHEN Xilian;DENG Teng;WAN Taian;LI Bo(State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学,核资源与环境国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《大地构造与成矿学》2023年第2期407-427,共21页Geotectonica et Metallogenia

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42002089,41930428);江西省自然科学基金项目(20202BABL214056,20224BAB213040);有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室(中南大学)开放基金项目(2020YSJS02,2020YSJS01)联合资助。

摘　　要：石英(SiO_(2))具有稳定的化学性质和晶格结构,因此在地质演化过程中可以保存成岩成矿的基本信息。本文系统总结了国内外关于石英中微量元素的种类、分布、含量变化等诸多研究,详细论述了石英中微量元素的赋存状态和进入石英晶格中的机制,以及控制这些微量元素进入石英中的因素:如温度、压力、pH值和流体/熔体成分等;介绍了岩浆‒热液矿床中石英复杂多样的结构,包括:单向固结结构(UST结构)、石英眼、晶洞以及雪球结构;评述了石英中微量元素的具体应用:石英的Ti温度计(TitaniQ)、Ti的扩散计时器、石英中Al温度计、Al的pH计,以及石英微量元素比值对岩浆‒热液过程的指示作用;最后总结了阴极发光(CL)在揭示石英中微量元素的扩散过程、石英的世代关系等方面的应用,及相关的分析测试方法。据此,利用石英的特性可了解寄主岩石的成因,并分析岩浆‒热液矿床中成矿流体的演化过程及石英中微量元素的沉淀机制,为找矿勘查提供依据。Quartz(SiO_(2))has stable chemical properties and lattice structure,which makes it possible to preserve original information on magmatic and metallogenic processes.In this study,advances on the types,distribution,and trace-element contents of quartz were reviewed.The existence of trace elements in quartz and controlling factors(such as temperature,pressure,pH,and compositions of fluid and melt)for trace elements entering quartz lattice are discussed in detail.At the same time,the diverse textures of quartz,like the UST(Unidirectional Solidification Texture)structure,quartz eye,miarolitic cavities,and snowball structure occurred in magmatic-hydrothermal deposits were introduced.The applications of trace elements in quartz were reviewed,including the“TitaniQ”thermometer,Ti diffusion-in-quartz chronometer,Al-in-quartz thermometer and Al-in-quartz pH tracer and indicators of trace element ratios for the magmatichydrothermal processes.Finally,the application of cathodoluminescence(CL)in revealing the diffusion process of trace elements in quartz,the generation relationship of quartz,and the related analysis and testing methods were summarized.Accordingly,based on the features of quartz mentioned above,the petrogenesis of the host rocks,the fluid evolution process in the magmatic-hydrothermal deposits and the precipitation mechanism of trace elements in quartz can be delineated,which will ultimately provide a guidance for mineral prospecting.

关 键 词：石英 石英结构 微量元素 阴极发光 岩浆‒热液演化 

分 类 号：P611[天文地球—矿床学]