综放开采上覆巨厚砾岩层离层和断裂力学模型及其应用  

Separation and fracturing mechanical models of overlying hugely-thick conglomerate stratum in fully mechanized caving mining and their application

作　　者：翟新献[1] 赵晓凡 翟俨伟 钱红亮 刘勤裕 任柱安 郭钊洋 ZHAI Xinxian;ZHAO Xiaofan;ZHAI Yanwei;QIAN Hongliang;LIU Qinyu;REN Zhu'an;GUO Zhaoyang(School of Energy Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo,Henan 454000,China;China Institute of Science and Technology,China Three Gorges Corporation,Beijing 10o038,China;Gengcun Coal Mine,Henan Dayou Energy Co.Ltd.,Sanmenxia,Henan 472400,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院,河南焦作454000 [2]中国长江三峡集团有限公司科学技术研究院,北京100038 [3]河南大有能源股份有限公司耿村煤矿,河南三门峡472400

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2023年第2期241-254,共14页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51574110,52074102);河南省重点研发与推广专项项目(222102320143)。

摘　　要：放顶煤开采上覆巨厚砾岩层变形移动直接影响到采场矿压显现,上覆巨厚砾岩层断裂下沉造成综放面出现大能量微震事件.基于河南省西部矿区某煤矿13230综放面地质采矿条件,利用相似模拟试验和理论分析研究了综放开采上覆巨厚砾岩层离层和断裂力学模型.基于巨厚砾岩层发育特征,以中部弱面为界将其划分为下位和上位砾岩层.相似模拟得到了综放开采砾岩层与下伏岩层之间离层的时空演化规律,将离层演化过程划分为“孕育阶段—加速阶段—缓慢扩展阶段—稳定阶段”4个阶段;模拟得到了砾岩层初次和周期垮落体为四棱柱体,推出了垮落体对综放面冲击能量计算式;建立了综放开采巨厚砾岩层离层和断裂力学模型,推出了离层量和砾岩层初次垮落步距计算式.现场微震系统监测结果表明,巨厚砾岩层下、上位砾岩层的初次和周期垮落产生的震动场都将对综放面煤岩体产生冲击,在综放面前方煤岩体出现大能量的矿震,其中下位砾岩层断裂时对综放面冲击最严重.研究结论对巨厚砾岩层下综放开采时地面减沉和井下冲击地压预测防治具有重要的指导意义.Deformation movement of the overlying hugely-thick conglomerate stratum(HTCS) of longwall top coal caving,directly influences on the rock pressure behaviors in the fully-mechanized caving face(FMCF). There are large energy microseismic events in the FMCF due to fracturing subsidence of the overlying HTCS. Based on the conditions of the geology and mining of the FMCF 13230 at a coal mine in western Henan mining area,China,the separation and fracturing mechanical models of the HTCS overlying the FMCF were studied by using the similar material simulations and theoretical analysis. According to the development characteristics of the HTCS,it was divided into lower and upper conglomerate stratum with the weak plane in the middle of the HTCS as the interface. The temporal-spatial evolution laws of the separation for the HTCS with its underlying stratum were obtained by the simulations. The separation evolution process was divided into four stages,i.e.,inoculation,acceleration,slow expansion and stable stages. The simulations results show that the initial and periodic caved rock masses of the HTCS are quadrangular prism,and the formulas for calculating the impact energy of caved rock mass on the FMCF are derived. The mechanical models on the separation and fracturing of the HTCS of the LTCC are established,and the formulas for calculating separation quantity and the initial caving interval of the HTCS are deduced. The results of the microseismic monitoring system on-site show that the vibration fields generated by the initial and periodic caving of the lower and upper conglomerate stratum impact on the coal and rock mass in front of the FMCF. Large energy mine earthquakes occur in coal and rock mass in the FMCF,and the fracturing of the lower conglomerate stratum has the most serious impact on the FMCF. The conclusions have important guiding significance for the prediction and prevention of ground subsidence and coal bumps in the FMCF under the HTCS.

关 键 词：特厚煤层 综放开采 巨厚砾岩层 离层 变形移动 矿震 

分 类 号：TD323[矿业工程—矿井建设]