三聚氰胺对蛋鸡的亚慢性毒性试验  

Subchronic toxicity test of melamine on laying hens

作　　者：于树涛 赵才兵[2] 周荣柱[3] 朱连勤[2] 朱风华[4] YU Shutao;ZHAO Caibing;ZHOU Rongzhu;ZHU Lianqin;ZHU Fenghua(Laiyang Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Yantai,Shandong Province 265200,China;Animal Medical College,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong Province 266109,China;National Animal Husbandry Station,Chaoyang,Beijing 100125,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong Province 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]莱阳市动物疫病预防控制中心,山东烟台265200 [2]青岛农业大学动物医学院,山东青岛266109 [3]全国畜牧总站,北京朝阳100125 [4]青岛农业大学动物科技学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第9期51-57,共7页China Feed

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系家禽产业创新团队(SDAIT-11-07)。

摘　　要：为研究三聚氰胺对蛋鸡的亚慢性毒性,确定三聚氰胺对蛋鸡的无可见有害作用水平,选择200只220日龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只,第1组为对照组,第2~5组为试验组,试验组蛋鸡三聚氰胺每天染毒剂量分别为8.96、26.89、80.66 mg/(kg·bw)和241.99 mg/(kg·bw),加入饲料中自由摄入,试验期90 d。结果显示:试验至90 d,第5组平均蛋重显著低于第1和第2组,分别降低8.48%和8.78%(P <0.05)。第5组料蛋比显著高于第1和第2组,分别提高7.47%和7.47%(P <0.05);第4组、第5组产蛋率显著低于第1组,分别降低6.70%和8.93%(P <0.05)。第5组肾脏、肝脏指数极显著高于第1组和第2组(P <0.01)。试验至30、60、90 d,第5组蛋鸡血浆尿酸(UA)、肌酐(CRE)含量和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸(AST)活性极显著高于第1~4组(P <0.01)。第2组、第3组与对照组蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋重、料蛋比以及UA、CRE含量和ALT、AST活性差异无显著意义(P> 0.05)。第3~5组鸡蛋中三聚氰胺的残留量极显著高于第1组、第2组(P <0.01),第5组极显著高于第4组、第4组极显著高于第3组(P <0.01)。研究表明,三聚氰胺每天对蛋鸡的无可见有害作用水平为8.96~26.89 mg/(kg·bw)。蛋鸡三聚氰胺亚慢性中毒损伤的主要器官是肝脏和肾脏。血浆尿酸、肌酐含量和血浆ALT和AST活性以及鸡蛋三聚氰胺含量可作为三聚氰胺亚慢性中毒的早期诊断指标。In order to study the subchronic toxicity of melamine on laying hens and determine the level of no visible harmful effect of melamine on laying hens,200220-day-old Hailan brown layers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates in each group,10 per repeat.Group 1 was the control group,and groups 2~5 were the experimental group.The exposure doses of layers in the experimental group were 8.96,26.89,80.66 mg/(kg·bw)and 241.99 mg/(kg·bw)everyday respectively.It was added to the feed for free intake,and the experimental period was 90 days.The results showed that the average egg weight of group 5 was significantly lower than that of group 1 and group 2,decreased by 8.48%and 8.78%respectively(P<0.05);The feed egg ratio of group 5 was significantly higher than that of group 1 and group 2,increased by 7.47%and 7.47%respectively(P<0.05);The egg laying rate of group 4 and group 5 was significantly lower than that of group 1,decreased by 6.70%and 8.93%respectively(P<0.05).The indexes of kidney and liver in group 5 were significantly higher than those in group 1 and group 2(P<0.01).At 30,60,90 days,the contents of plasma uric acid(UA),creatinine(CRE)and the activities of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartic acid(AST)in group 5 were significantly higher than those in group 1~4(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in laying rate,egg weight,feed egg ratio,uric acid and creatinine content,ALT and AST activity between group 2,group 3 and control group(P>0.05).The residue of melamine in group 3~5 eggs was significantly higher than that in group 1 and group 2(P<0.01),group 5 was significantly higher than that in group 4 and group 4 was significantly higher than that in group 3(P<0.01).It could be seen that no observed adverse effect level of melamine on laying hens was 8.96~26.89 mg/(kg·bw)every day.Liver and kidney were the main organs damaged by melamine subchronic poisoning in laying hens.The contents of plasma uric acid and creatinine,the activities of plasma ALT and AST and the content of melamine in eggs coul

关 键 词：三聚氰胺 蛋鸡 亚慢性毒性 无可见有害作用水平 肾脏 尿酸 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]