饲粮能量水平及固定化微生物内源酶对肉仔鸡生长性能和肠道微生物的影响  

Effects of dietary energy level and microbial endogenous enzymes supplementation on growth performance,and intestinal microbiota in broiler chicken

作　　者：何威振 王晶[1] 邱凯 齐广海[1] 武书庚[1] 张海军[1] 香红星 申小冉 HE Weizhen;WANG Jing;QIU Kai;QI Guanghai;WU Shugeng;ZHANG Haijun;XIANG Hongxing;SHEN Xiaoran(Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs,Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards of the Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs,Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Tianjin Yunlizhixing Biotechnology Co.,Ltd,Tianjin 300450,China;Shandong Bilan Biotechnology Co.,Ltd,Taian,Shandong Province 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部动物产品质量安全饲料源性因子风险评估实验室,农业农村部饲料生物技术重点开放实验室,中国农业科学院饲料研究所,北京100081 [2]天津云力之星生物科技有限公司,天津300450 [3]山东碧蓝生物科技有限公司,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第9期96-104,共9页China Feed

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010704);中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程(ASTIP)。

摘　　要：为研究饲料中添加固定化微生物内源酶(MEE)对采食不同能量水平饲粮肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标和肠道微生物的影响,选用360只1日龄雄性Cobb-500肉仔鸡,随机分为5组:分别为正常代谢能的基础饲粮组(PC组),在基础饲粮中添加750 mg/kg MEE组(PCE组),较基础降低100 kcal/kg的低能饲粮组(NC组),低能饲粮中添加750、1000 mg/kg MEE组(NCE组、NCH组),试验期42 d。结果表明:(1)低能饲粮中添加MEE可使肉仔鸡生长期的体重、平均日增重和饲料效率达到与正常代谢能组相当的水平,饲粮中添加MEE可显著改善饲料效率(P <0.05)。(2)低能饲粮添加MEE可显著降低肉仔鸡21 d血清尿酸含量,显著提高42 d总蛋白含量(P <0.05)。(3)MEE对肉仔鸡的屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。(4)基础饲粮添加MEE使肉鸡肠道多尔氏菌、罗斯氏菌等益生菌相对丰度增加,链球菌等有害菌的相对丰度显著降低,低能饲粮中添加MEE会使乳酸杆菌等益生菌相对丰度增加,假单胞菌、肠球菌等有害菌的丰度则相对降低。(5)通过多变量线性回归模型对肠道微生物和血液生化进行分析,结果表明,多尔氏菌与血液中尿酸、肌酐和总蛋白含量呈显著正相关,罗斯氏菌属与血液中肌酐的含量呈显著正相关。不同能量水平饲粮添加MEE均可提高肉仔鸡生长性能,低能饲粮导致的生长受阻在添加MEE后可恢复至正常代谢能组水平;饲粮添加MEE可改善肉仔鸡肠道微生物组成,可能有利于营养物质吸收和提高能量利用率,从而改善饲料效率。The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of microbial endogenous enzyme(MEE)on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and intestinal microorganisms of broilers fed different energy leve diets.A total of 3601-day-old Cobb-500 broilers were randomly divided into five dietary treatments:diet with normal apparent metabolisable energy(AME)served as the positive control(PC group),PC diet supplemented with 750 mg/kg MEE(PCE group),low-energy diet(100 kcal/kg lower AME than the PC diet)served as the negative control(NC group),NC diet supplemented with 750,1000 mg/kg MEE(NCE group,NCH group).The experiment lasted for 42 days.The results showed that:(1)Supplementation of 750 mg/kg MEE in PC diet or 1000 mg/kg MEE in NC diet significantly improved feed efficiency compared to the counterpart.(2)Low-energy diet supplemented with MEE significantly decreased the content of serum urir acid(UA)at 21 d of age(P<0.05);The addition of MEE could inhibit the decrease of blood total protein(TP)at 42 d of age caused by the low-energy diet(P<0.05).(3)There was no significant difference in dressing percentage,breast muscle percentage,leg muscle percentage and absolute fat percentage between NCE,NCH group and PC group(P>0.05).(4)Addition of MEE to low-energy diet increased the count of probiotics such as Dorea and Nasimurium,and decreased the count of harmful bacteria such as Streptococcus in ileal digesta.(5)The results showed that the significant increase of Dorea was positively correlated with the contents of UA,CREA and TP in blood,and the significant increase of Nasimurium was positively correlated with the contents of CREA in blood.It could be seen that low-energy diet will reduce the production performance of broilers,and the feed efficiency could be improved after adding MEE,which may be improved the intestinal microbial composition,material absorption and energy utilization of broilers,and helped to improve their feed utilization efficiency.

关 键 词：微生物内源酶 肉仔鸡 低能饲料 血液生化 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：S816.4[农业科学—饲料科学]