林草植被恢复类型对黄土团聚体稳定性和入渗特性的影响  

Effects of Forest and Grass Restoration Types on Aggregate Stability and Infiltration Characteristics of Loess

作　　者：帕力夏提·格明 王龙 徐学选[2] 王维维 张连科[3] 李梦瑶 Farhat Ullah Khan 杜锋[2] Palixiati·Geming;Wang Long;Xu Xuexuan;Wang Weiwei;Zhang Lianke;Li Mengyao;Farhat Ullah Khan;Du Feng(College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Geological Hazards Prevention Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害防治研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第1期24-31,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“黄土丘陵区土壤斥水性及其对降水入渗机制的影响研究”(41977426);“植物根系构型与力学特性对黄土区浅层坡体稳定性的影响”(41771322);甘肃省科学院应用研究与开发项目“马兰黄土边坡土壤侵蚀降雨模拟研究”(2019-JK-07)。

摘　　要：[目的]对比不同林草植被恢复类型下黄土团聚体稳定性和入渗特性的差异,为黄土高原地区生态恢复模式的合理优化提供理论支持。[方法]以黄土区撂荒地(C_(1),对照)、苜蓿地(C_(2))、天然草地(C_(3))、油松+侧柏混交林(L_(1))、刺槐+侧柏混交林(L_(2))为对象,采用萨维诺夫法和单环双水头法分别测定了水稳性团聚体组成状况、饱和导水率(K_(s))。以平均质量直径(MWD)、几何直径(GMD)、颗粒分形维数(D)、破坏率(PAD)、>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体占比(M w)和饱和导水率为评价指标,分析了不同林草植被恢复类型的土壤团聚体稳定性和入渗特性差异及其影响因素。[结果]①0—30 cm土层范围内,C_(1)的GMD和MWD最低,林草植被恢复类型的GMD,MWD表现为L_(1)和C_(3)>L_(2)和C_(2),而PAD和D则相反。②0—10 cm土层,L_(1)的>0.25 mm水稳定团聚体含量最高(47.24%),其次是C_(3)和L_(2),C_(1)最低(24.00%);而10—30 cm土层,C_(3)的>0.25 mm水稳定团聚体含量最高(10—20 cm处为35.41%,20—30 cm处为27.96%),L_(2)最低(10—20 cm处为11.46%,20—30 cm处为8.00%)。③不同林草植被恢复类型的表层土壤入渗特性变异系数均介于0.001~0.360,L_(1)的K_(s)(0.307 cm/min)最大,C_(1)的K_(s)(0.044 cm/min)最小。④团聚体稳定性指标(PAD除外)和K_(s)均与有机质、孔隙度、容重呈现显著或极显著相关。[结论]林草植被恢复有助于改善黄土团聚体稳定性和入渗特性,长期林地恢复类型(L_(1))的团聚体稳定性和入渗特性优于天然草地(C_(3)),而短期林地恢复类型(L_(2))却不如天然草地(C_(3)),植被恢复应注重时间的积累。[Objective]The differences in aggregate stability and infiltration characteristics of loess under different forest and grass vegetation restoration types were compared in order to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of ecological restoration patterns in the Loess Plateau.[Methods]Abandoned land(C_(1),control),alfalfa land(C_(2)),natural grassland(C_(3)),mixed forest land of Pinus tabuliformis and Platycladus orientalis(L_(1)),and mixed forest land of Robinia pseudoacacia and P.orientalis(L_(2)) were used to investigate differences in aggregate stability and infiltration characteristics and their exogenous factors.Water-stable aggregate composition and saturated hydraulic conductivity were determined by the Savinov method and a single-ring two-ponding depth infiltrometer,respectively.Mean weight diameter(MWD),geometric mean diameter(GMD),fractal dimension(D),percentage of aggregate destruction(PAD),water-stable macroaggregate content(>0.25 mm,M w),and saturated hydraulic conductivity sample(K_(s))were used as evaluation indicators.[Results]①In the 0—30 cm soil layer,C_(1) had the lowest GMD and MWD,and GMD and MWD in forest and grass vegetation restoration types followed the order of〔L_(1)and C_(3)〕>〔L_(2)and C_(2)〕,respectively,whereas PAD and D showed the opposite order.②In the 0—10 cm soil layer,L_(1)dominated the highest macroaggregate(>0.25 mm)content(47.24%),followed by C_(3)and L_(2),while C_(1)had the lowest content(24.00%).In the 10—30 cm soil layer,C_(3)dominated the highest macroaggregate(>0.25 mm)content(35.41%at 10—20 cm;27.96%at 20—30 cm),while L_(2)had the lowest content(11.46%at 10—20 cm;8.00%at 20—30 cm).③The variation coefficients of topsoil infiltration characteristics for different restoration types ranged from 0.001 to 0.360.The K_(s)(0.307 cm/min)of L_(1)was the highest,while the K_(s)(0.044 cm/min)of C_(1)was the lowest.④Aggregate stability indicators(except PAD)and K_(s)were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon,porosity,and bulk densit

关 键 词：植被恢复 团聚体稳定性 入渗特性 林草地 黄土 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]