不同冬绿肥翻压对土壤有机氮组分和氮素矿化的影响  

Effect of Different Winter Green Manures on Composition and Mineralization of Soil Organic Nitrogen

作　　者：赵秋 田秀平 周丽平 代雪宾 宁晓光 张新建 Zhao Qiu;Tian Xiuping;Zhou Liping;Dai Xuebin;Ning Xiaoguang;Zhang Xinjian(Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300192,China;College of Agronomy and Resources and Environment,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业科学院,天津300192 [2]天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津300384

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第1期78-83,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“旱地绿肥节肥减排与养分流失控制技术集成与应用”(2021YFD1700204);财政部和农业农村部:“国家现代农业产业技术体系”项目(CARS-22);天津市农业科技成果转化项目(17YFNZNC00050)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同冬绿肥种植与翻压对土壤氮素供应能力的影响,为改进华北地区冬绿肥种植技术,提高作物产量和维持土壤生产力提供理论依据。[方法]在天津市武清区设置大田冬绿肥/玉米轮作定位试验(2012—2019年)种植和翻压冬绿肥,测定不同冬绿肥及组合处理即二月兰、毛叶苕子、黑麦、黑麦草、毛叶苕子与二月兰混播和毛叶苕子与黑麦混播土壤有机氮及组分含量;同时进行室内培养试验,测试不同处理土壤的有机氮矿化势(N0)和矿化量,分析冬绿肥种植与翻压对土壤有机氮组分及矿化的影响(以冬闲处理为对照)。[结果]与对照相比,冬绿肥种植与翻压显著提高总有机氮含量(幅度为3.05%~12.36%),显著降低非酸解态有机氮含量(18.87~55.87 mg/kg)。冬绿肥处理N0值在189.15~245.90 mg/kg之间,比冬闲对照增加14.16%~48.41%,土壤矿化半衰期t_(1/2)比冬闲对照提高22.57%~73.11%。所有处理室内培养24周矿化分解土壤有机氮主要组分为酸解总氮,冬绿肥处理土壤酸解总氮矿化量比对照高3.41~20.54 mg/kg,矿化率比对照增加7.96%~47.31%,差异显著。[结论]冬绿肥种植与翻压可显著增加土壤有机氮及其易矿化组分储量,提高土壤可矿化氮量,延长矿化周期,促进土壤氮库更新,提高土壤氮素供应能力。[Objective]The effects of different planting and overturning of winter green fertilizer on soil nitrogen supply capacity were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for improving planting technology of winter green fertilizer,increasing crop yield and maintaining soil productivity in North China.[Methods]A field experiment with a winter green manure-maize rotation was conducted at Wuqing District,Tianjin City from 2012 to 2019.The study also included indoor incubation experiments.The treatments included winter fallow,february orchid,vetch,rye,ryegrass,mixed vetch and february orchid,and mixed vetch and rye.Soil organic nitrogen content and its composition,soil organic nitrogen mineralization potential(N 0),and mineralization amount were measured.The effects of winter green manure planting and incorporation on soil organic nitrogen composition and mineralization were analyzed with winter fallow used as the control.[Results]Compared with winter fallow,winter green manure significantly increased total organic nitrogen and acid hydrolysable organic nitrogen by 3.05%—12.36%.However,winter green manure significantly decreased the content of non-acid-decomposed organic nitrogen by 18.87—55.87 mg/kg.N 0 was 189.15—245.90 mg/kg in the treatments with winter green manure(14.16%—48.41% greater than the control),and,half-life was increased by 22.57%—73.11%.After 24 weeks of indoor culture,soil organic nitrogen for all treatments was mainly composed of acid hydrolysable organic nitrogen.The mineralization amount of acid hydrolyzed total nitrogen was 3.41—20.54 mg/kg greater in the winter green manure treatments than that in the control,and the mineralization rate was 7.96%—47.31%higher than that in the control,with significant differences.[Conclusion]Winter green manure planting and incorporation significantly increased soil organic nitrogen storage and mineralizable nitrogen content,and prolonged the mineralization cycle,thereby promoting the renewal of the soil nitrogen pool,and improving soil nitrogen

关 键 词：冬绿肥 土壤有机氮组分 氮矿化 氮素供应能力 天津市 

分 类 号：S142[农业科学—肥料学] S153.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]