基于站点观测的河南土壤侵蚀因子变化分析  

Analysis of Soil Erosion Factor Changes in Henan Based on Site Observations

作　　者：杨硕果 张绪兰 朱莎莎[1] 李泮营 吴卿[1] YANG Shuoguo;ZHANG Xulan;ZHU Shasha;LI Panying;WU Qing(North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Press and Publication Center,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Central Station,Zhengzhou 450008,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学,河南郑州450046 [2]黄河水利委员会新闻宣传出版中心,河南郑州450003 [3]河南省水土保持监测总站,河南郑州450008

出　　处：《人民黄河》2023年第5期115-118,122,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：河南省水利科技攻关计划项目(GG202234,GG202209)。

摘　　要：土壤侵蚀产生水土流失是影响生态环境的重要因素,土壤侵蚀因子是开展水土保持综合治理与生态保护的依据。基于河南水土保持观测站实测资料,选择土壤侵蚀因子量化方程,计算河南土壤侵蚀降雨、地形、土壤、植被、水土保持因子,并分析其变化特征。结果表明:降雨侵蚀力R呈增大趋势,自东南向西北R呈减小趋势;土壤可蚀性K整体呈减小趋势;地形LS南召站高于陕州站和罗山站,当坡度超过20°时,土壤侵蚀加剧;不同植被类型植被覆盖C存在差异性,乔灌植被C较小,空地C较大;水土保持P整体呈减小趋势,水土保持措施发挥了良好的防护效果。Soil and water loss due to soil erosion is an important influence to the ecological environment.Soil erosion factors are the key tech⁃nical basis for scientific comprehensive management of soil and water conservation and ecological protection.The paper selected the quantita⁃tive equation of soil erosion factors based on the actual measurement data of Henan Soil and Water Conservation Observation Station to calcu⁃late the soil erosion rainfall,topography,soil,vegetation and soil and water conservation factors in Henan Province and analyzed its changing characteristics.The results show that the rainfall erosivity factor R tends to increase and the value of R factor gradually decreases from south⁃east to northwest.The value of soil erodibility factor K with an overall decreasing trend,indicates that erosion control is effective.The terrain factor LS value of Nanzhao Station is higher than that of Shaanzhou Station and Luoshan Station,and when the slope exceeds 20°,soil erosion will be seriously increased.The vegetation cover C factor is different among different vegetation types.The value of C factor irrigated vegeta⁃tion is small,and the value of C factor without vegetation measures is large.The value of soil and water conservation measures factor P show an overall decreasing trend.Soil and water conservation measures have played a good protective effect.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀因子 径流小区 水土流失 植被类型 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]