单原子催化剂的催化效果及其作为固体推进剂燃烧催化剂的应用前景分析  

The Catalytic Effect of Single Atom Catalysts and Its Application Prospect in Solid Propellant

作　　者：薛妍 曲文刚[1] 刘所恩 高红旭[1] 牛诗尧 付青山 王艳 陈锦芳 赵凤起[1] XUE Yan;QU Wen-gang;LIU Suo-en;GAO Hong-xu;NIU Shi-yao;FU Qing-shan;WANG Yan;CHEN Jin-fang;ZHAO Feng-qi(Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory,Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institude,Xi′an 710065,China;Shanxi North Xing′an Chemical Industry Co.Ltd.,Taiyuan 030008,China;No.3 Military Representative Office in Taiyuan District,Taiyuan 030012,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所燃烧与爆炸技术重点实验室,陕西西安710065 [2]山西北方兴安化学工业有限公司,山西太原030008 [3]驻太原地区第三军事代表室,山西太原030012

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2023年第4期275-284,共10页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22175140)。

摘　　要：随着先进火箭与导弹技术进一步发展,现有燃烧催化剂已经无法满足推进剂技术进一步向着高能、燃气清洁以及燃烧可控方向发展的需求,体现在催化效率不够高、催化选择性差以及缺乏催化模型3个方面。而单原子催化剂具有高催化活性和选择性、高稳定性和100%原子利用率等显著优势,将单原子催化剂引入推进剂燃烧催化领域有望突破固体推进剂燃烧性能高效、精准调控这一瓶颈问题。主要介绍了单原子催化剂的制备方法和表征技术,分析了单原子燃烧催化剂在固体推进剂领域的作用效果,指出了单原子催化剂的优势所在,进一步结合现有燃烧催化剂研究经验,预测了单原子燃烧催化剂发展趋势,分别从微观结构多样化设计与构建方面丰富单原子燃烧催化剂体系以及从分子层面认知催化反应机理,明确固体推进剂单原子催化燃烧机制。附参考文献63篇。With the further development of advanced rocket and missile technology,existing combustion catalysts have been unable to meet the needs of propellant technology,which is further developing towards high energy,cleaned combustion gas and controlled combustion,which reflected in three aspects:low catalytic efficiency,poor catalytic selectivity and lacking of catalytic model.Single-atom catalysts have significant advantages such as high catalytic activity,selectivity,high stability and 100%atom utilization rate.The introduction of single-atom catalysts into the field of propellant combustion catalysis is expected to break through the bottleneck problem of high efficient and precise control of solid propellant combustion performance.The preparation method and characterization technique of single-atom catalysts were introduced,the effects of single-atom combustion catalysts in the field of solid propellant were analyzed,and the advantages of single-atom catalysts were pointed out.A reasonable prediction of the development trend of single-atom combustion catalysts combining the existing research experience of combustion catalysts were further made:enriching the single-atom combustion catalyst system from the aspects of diversified design and construction of microstructure and understanding the catalytic reaction mechanism from the molecular level,to clarify the single-atom catalytic combustion mechanism of solid propellant.63 References were attched.

关 键 词：物理化学 固体推进剂 单原子催化剂 燃烧催化剂 热分解 应用前景 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]