河北蔚县南柏山遗址晚更新世河套大角鹿角化石  

Antler fossil of Sinomegaceros ordosianus from Nanbaishan site of Late Pleistocene age in Yüxian,Hebei Province

作　　者：梅惠杰 张贝 雷华蕊 同号文[4,5] MEI Huijie;ZHANG Bei;LEI Huarui;TONG Haowen(Institute of Nihewan Archaeology,College of History and Culture,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024;Beijing Museum of Natural History,Beijing 100050;Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,Ministry of Education,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学历史文化学院,泥河湾考古研究院,石家庄050024 [2]北京自然博物馆,北京100050 [3]北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [4]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [5]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《人类学学报》2023年第2期225-237,共13页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42172021);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项B类(XDB26000000);国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1521500);河北省2017年度省级文物保护经费;北京市市级财政专项资助

摘　　要：大角鹿是我国北方中-晚更新世遗址中最常见动物化石之一,也是更新世期间我国北方动物群的代表性动物之一。除周口店地区之外,其他遗址出土的大角鹿化石都十分零碎,极少有完整的大角鹿鹿角发现。再加上对大角鹿不同年龄阶段鹿角的发育情况更是知之甚少,因此,以往仅凭鹿角形态所做的分类值得商榷。2018年,在河北省蔚县南柏山旧石器时代遗址发现1件几乎完整的大角鹿鹿角化石。鹿角很大,眉枝和主枝掌部都呈薄片状,掌部无指突;眉枝和主枝掌部的延展面基本一致,但不完全平行,主枝角干在基部有明显弯曲,但“S”形并不明显,总体特征与晚更新世河套大角鹿(Sinomegaceros ordosianus)的基本一致。该标本是迄今发现的最完整的河套大角鹿角化石。含该化石的地层成因尚不确定,初步的光释光测年结果是距今约11万年前,属于旧石器时代中期。Giant deer is among the most common animals of Mid-Late Pleistocene sites in northern China,and was one of the representative icons of the Pleistocene fauna in northern China,while the fossil materials are fairly poor and very few complete antlers were ever recovered,except those from Zhoukoudian site;on the other hand,the knowledge about the age-related changes of the antlers is absolutely insufficient.Therefore,the previous taxonomic work based only on the antler features is open to questions.In 2018,a quite complete antler of giant deer was recovered from the Nanbaishan site of Middle Paleolithic period in Yüxian County,Hebei Province.The antler is quite big;brow tine and the palmation of beam are thin and fan-like,without palm tines;the brow tine and the palmation of beam run along two nearly parallel planes,but are not exactly parallel;the shaft of the beam bends at the basal part,but the sigmoid form is not prominent.In general morphology,the new antler is very close to that of Sinomegaceros ordosianus.The new specimen represents the most complete antler of S.ordosianus ever recovered.The dimensions(L:length&W:width)of the palmate is 670×526.8 mm;the dimensions(L&W)of the brow tine is 510×480 mm,the length and circumference of the beam are 270 and 193 mm respectively,the circumference of the burr is 310 mm.The first phalanx is robust,its greatest length is 77.7 mm;proximal width is 29.2 mm,transverse and antero-posterior diameters are 24.0 and 26.0 mm respectively.In China,quite a number of megalocerine taxa had been named at the species and subspecies levels,namely Sinomegaceros pachyosteus,S.ordosianus,S.flabellatus,S.konwanlinensis,S.youngi,S.luochuanensis,S.sangganhoensis,S.o.mentougouensis and S.baotouensis,among which S.ordosianus is the most widely distributed species and has the richest fossil records.On the contrary,S.baotouensis is the least known species which only represented by one shed antler and one metatarsal bone.With only a few exceptions,e.g.Tangshan near Nanjing,Zhoushan island in Zhe

关 键 词：中华大角鹿属 角化石 南柏山遗址 晚更新世 河北蔚县 

分 类 号：Q915.87[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]