岩石钻孔爆破中Rayleigh波的形成机制与演化特性研究  

Study on generation mechanism and evolution characteristics of Rayleigh wave in rock drilling and blasting

作　　者：高启栋 卢文波[3] 范勇 杨御博 周海孝 冷振东 GAO Qidong;LU Wenbo;FAN Yong;YANG Yubo;ZHOU Haixiao;LENG Zhendong(School of Highway,Chang'an University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710064,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Construction and Management in Hydropower Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang,Hubei 443002,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China;Gezhouba Group Explosive Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401121,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路学院,陕西西安710064 [2]三峡大学、湖北省水电工程施工与管理重点实验室,湖北宜昌443002 [3]武汉大学、水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [4]中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司,重庆401121

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2023年第1期129-143,共15页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52009003,51979152);湖北省水电工程施工与管理重点实验室开放基金项目(2020KSD01)。

摘　　要：基于柱状药包爆源特征的分析,从曲面体波在自由表面反射的角度,阐明岩石钻孔爆破中R波的形成机制与形成过程;借助三维动力有限元模拟,对比分析无限和半无限空间中柱状药包爆破诱发地震波的波型与组分,研究R波的形成过程与演化特性,并开展现场爆破验证试验。结果表明:R波由爆源激发的曲面体波在地表面反射形成,且随震中距r增大而逐渐形成,在r约0.6h(h为炸药源埋深)处开始形成,当r超过约2.0h时,可识别到微弱的R波运动,当曲面体波的入射角超过一定临界角(r约为5.0h)时,R波充分形成且可被明显识别;岩石钻孔爆破中,随着r增大,爆源激发的P波逐渐向水平向偏转,将主要贡献于水平向的振动,爆源激发的S波逐渐偏离其优势辐射方位,R波充分形成时,S波的分量很微弱且易被R波覆盖,在r超过(25.0~35.0)h时,R波将主导竖直向的地表振动。In this study,on the basis of the analysis of the source characteristics of the cylindrical charge,the generation mechanism and development process of the R-wave in rock drilling and blasting was unmasked by interpreting the reflection of curvellient body waves at the free surface.Then,to further investigate the growing process and evolution characteristics of the R-wave,the wave-type and wave-components induced by the cylindrical charge in the infinite and semi-infinite spaces were compared using the 3D dynamic finite simulation.Moreover,the onsite blasting experiment was also conducted to verify the growing characteristics of the R-wave.The results indicate that the R-wave is generated with the reflection of the explosive-source-emitted curvellient body waves at the ground surface,and it grows gradually with the epicenter distance r.The R-wave starts forming at about 0.6h(where is h the buried depth of the explosive source)far from the epicenter,and some gentle R-wave motions could be recognized when r exceed 2.0h.Whereas,the R-wave is still not fully developed and cannot be easily recognize until the incident angle of the curvellient body waves exceed a critical value,where r is larger than 5.0h.In the rock drilling and blasting,the source emitted P-wave’s motion approaches to the horizontal direction with r increasing,and its contribution mainly awards to the horizontal vibration.The source emitted S-wave component could be ignored and is easily covered by the fully developed R-wave,as the S-wave gradually deviates from its dominant radiation orientation.What’s more,the R-wave will dominate the vertical ground vibration when r exceeds 25.0h~35.0h.

关 键 词：岩石力学 岩石爆破 钻孔爆破 爆破地震波 RAYLEIGH波 形成机制 演化特性 

分 类 号：TU45[建筑科学—岩土工程]