中国北方草地植物补偿性生长与合理放牧强度:基于放牧实验的整合分析  

Plant compensatory growth and optimal grazing intensity of grasslands in northern China:A meta-analysis of grazing experiments

作　　者：宋伟江 苏纪帅 张梦迪 赵玉金 王忠武 贾玉山 白永飞[2,3] Weijiang Song;Jishuai Su;Mengdi Zhang;Yujin Zhao;Zhongwu Wang;Yushan Jia;Yongfei Bai(Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education of China,Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation,Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China;State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,农业农村部饲草栽培、加工与高效利用重点实验室,草地资源教育部重点实验室,呼和浩特010011 [2]中国科学院植物研究所,植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第11期1330-1342,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(32192464);中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW037)资助。

摘　　要：补偿性生长是草地植物对动物采食的一种适应策略,合理的放牧强度能够促进植物的补偿性生长,有利于草地生产力和稳定性的维持,而长期过度放牧则导致草地退化.因此,确定合理的放牧强度是科学配置草地生产-生态功能实现草牧业可持续发展的基础.本文基于各类放牧实验已发表的118篇研究文献,将放牧家畜的采食率(地上生物量移除量,%)作为放牧强度的测度指标,对我国北方5种主要草地类型的植物补偿生长特征及其合理放牧强度进行了整合分析,并结合气候、土壤及植物群落地下生物量和多样性等数据,厘清了影响植物补偿生长的关键生物和非生物因子.结果表明,我国北方草地植物总体处于欠补偿生长状态,且植物地上部分的补偿性生长主要以牺牲其地下生物量为代价.其中,高寒草甸、草甸草原和荒漠草原植物群落均表现为欠补偿生长,高寒草原和典型草原植物群落表现为等补偿生长.在区域尺度上,补偿性生长的绝对值随年降水量和植物物种丰富度的增加而增加.满足植物群落地上生物量实现等补偿或超补偿,且对地下生物量不产生负效应,各类草地的合理利用强度为:高寒草甸50%、草甸草原48%、典型草原40%、高寒草原37%、荒漠草原31%.本研究对指导我国北方草地保护与合理利用,以及退化草地恢复具有重要的理论和实践意义.Grassland ecosystems cover a total area of 4 million square kilometers and account for approximately 41%of the total land area in China,providing multiple ecosystem functions and services,such as primary production,carbon sequestration,forage and food production,soil erosion control,and climate change mitigation.About 3/4 of China’s grasslands are distributed in the northern areas,which is an important ecological security barrier in northern China.Grazing is the most dominant land use form in grasslands worldwide;however,overgrazing has resulted in widespread degradation of ecosystem structure and functions.Previous studies indicate compensatory growth is a key adaptive strategy for grassland plants in response to herbivory.Moderate grazing can stimulate plant compensatory growth and enhance primary production and ecosystem stability.Therefore,reasonable grazing intensity is the basis for optimizing ecological and production functions for sustaining the long-term utilization of grasslands in this region.Based on data from 118 studies on field grazing experiments in grasslands of northern China,we conducted a meta-analysis assessing plant compensatory growth and optimal grazing intensity of five dominant grassland types:Alpine meadow,alpine steppe,meadow steppe,typical steppe,and desert steppe.We collected the data of aboveground biomass,belowground biomass,and plant species richness in grazed and ungrazed grasslands.Here,we converted the grazing intensity into forage consumption rate(i.e.,percent removal aboveground biomass by domestic animals)for each study to facilitate data analysis and comparisons across different grassland types.Furthermore,we examined the relationships of plant compensatory growth with climatic conditions,soil fertility,and changes in belowground biomass and plant species diversity.Overall,our results showed the under-compensation in plant community biomass production across the northern China grassland and that compensatory growth in plant aboveground biomass frequently occurred at the e

关 键 词：植物补偿性生长 采食率 放牧强度 地下生物量 生态-生产功能合理配置 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]