天然黑色素的提取、改性和应用  

Extraction,modification,and application of natural melanin

作　　者：周建良 王怀雨[2] 童丽萍 Jianliang Zhou;Huaiyu Wang;Liping Tong(School of Advanced Manufacturing,Fuzhou University,Quanzhou 362251,China;Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学先进制造学院,泉州362251 [2]中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院医药所,深圳518055

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第11期1406-1420,共15页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82172397);深圳市基础研究重点项目(JCYJ20220818101414032)资助。

摘　　要：天然黑色素作为自然界中最常见的生物色素之一,主要来源于动物、植物及微生物,并且作为一种氨基酸衍生物,具备良好的生物安全性、抗氧化性、紫外光吸收特性、光热转换性、金属离子螯合性等性能,因此在药物输送、组织抗炎、光热治疗、医学成像等生物医学领域有着广泛的应用.然而,由于天然黑色素的结构成分复杂且来源各异,所以提取方法也大相径庭,目前尚缺乏统一的界定标准.此外,提取的天然黑色素理化性质并不能完全契合实际需求,需要对其进行改性以提高不同功能特性,满足不同应用场景.针对上述黑色素的研究与产业现状,本文从天然黑色素的提取、理化性质改性及其在生物医学领域的应用3个方面,对目前天然黑色素的研究和发展现状进行阐述和总结,旨在为天然黑色素潜力的开发和应用提供参考.Melanin is one of the most widespread natural pigments,which can be derived from animals,plants,and microorganisms.As an amino acid derivative,natural melanin shows outstanding biosafety.Due to the distinct metabolic systems of the source organisms,there are variations in color,composition,and even properties,based on which assorted melanin subtypes are derived.When extracting a certain type of melanin,the extraction strategy will vary in accordance with the location and distribution of the diversified biological melanin.Although there are various extraction methods for natural melanin,there is no uniform norm,causing confusion in choosing the extraction method and formulating the extraction scheme,and it is not conducive to the reference and comparison between research results.Nevertheless,sustaining the equilibrium of the three essential factors,namely,the purpose,cost,and benefit,has proven to be the most challenging task of this process.On the contrary,excluding the wide range of sources,melanin is non-cytotoxic and possesses a series of excellent properties,such as anti-oxidation,UV light absorption,photothermal conversion,and metal chelation.These distinguished properties enable melanin to be widely used in various fields,such as materials,batteries,and the environment,especially in biomedicine.Categorical biomedical applications include drug delivery,anti-inflammation,photothermal therapy,medical imaging,etc.According to the main component of eumelanin,polydopamine is often used as a melanin for biomedical research and demonstrates many intrinsic advantages such as good biocompatibility,excellent photothermal conversion performance,adhesion,high chemical reactivity,and multiple drug release response mechanisms.However,the diversity of the structures and components of natural melanin endows its advantages,such as antioxidant properties,photothermal conversion ability,and metal ion chelation ability,which cannot be matched by synthetic melanin.Therefore,exploring and utilizing natural melanin is imperative f

关 键 词：天然黑色素 理化性质 提取与改性 黑色素生物医学应用 

分 类 号：TQ28[化学工程—有机化工]