清末新政时期纸币滥发与物价波动  

Excessive Issuance of Paper Money and Price Fluctuation During the New Deal Period in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：田牛 Tian Niu

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学博士后流动站 [2]贵州省社会科学院对外经济研究所

出　　处：《中国经济史评论》2022年第4期92-105,共14页China Economic History Review

基　　金：贵州省2021年度哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题青年课题“民国以来贵州的乡村治理研究”(2021GZGX30)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清末新政时期,财政、经济领域近代化步伐较慢,引起各方面连锁反应。在货币发行权下移和财政亏空共同作用下,地方政府财政赤字货币化成为必然选择。清政府受限于财政思想和财政权力被迫实行财政赤字货币化政策,纸币作为发行成本较低的币种,成为有效弥补财政亏空的选择。财政权力的分散则为纸币滥发创造制度基础。在新政支出、赔款支付压力下,各省相继选择币材成本较低的纸币弥补赤字。当纸币通胀成为现实之后,清政府采取传统和现代并存的过渡性措施予以遇制。值得注意的是,纸币整顿力度逊于铜元。中央政府举措侧重于限制发行,制度性变革相对缓慢。纸币清理强度的削弱,客观反映政府动机的不纯,维护财政收益成为较为重要的目的之一。动机的不纯和思想的落后为即将到来的治理工作蒙上阴影。during the New Deal period in the late Qing Dynasty,the slow pace of modernization in the financial and economic fields caused a chain reaction in various aspects.Under the combined effect of the downward movement of the currency issue right and the fiscal deficit,the monetization of the fiscal deficit of the local government has become an inevitable choice.The Qing government was forced to implement the policy of monetization of fiscal deficit due to its financial thought and power.As a currency with low issuing cost,paper money became an effective choice to make up for fiscal deficit.The decentralization of financial pow-er creates the institutional basis for the indiscriminate issuance of paper money.Under the pressure of new policy expenditure and compensation payment,the provinces have successively selected paper money with lower cost of currency ma-terials to make up for the deficit.After the paper currency inflation became a re-ality,the Qing government took transitional measures to curb it,which included both traditional and modern.It is worth noting that the rectification of paper cur-rency is inferior to that of copper dollar.The measures of the central government focus on restricting the issuance,and the institutional change is relatively slow.The weakening of the cleaning intensity of paper money objectively reflects the impure motives of the government,and the maintenance of fiscal revenue has be-come one of the more important purposes.Impure motives and backward thinking cast a shadow on the upcoming governance work.

关 键 词：纸币 物价上涨 清末新政 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济] K249[历史地理—历史学]