地方政府环境政策创新与企业环境绩效——基于长三角地区河长制政策的微观实证  

Local government environmental policy innovation and corporate environmental performance:a micro-econometric analysis based on the river chief system policy in the Yangtze River Delta

作　　者：李雪松[1] 周敏[1] 汪成鹏 LI Xuesong;ZHOU Min;WANG Chengpeng(Economics and Management School of Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2023年第3期77-90,共14页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“农业补贴对环境效率的影响机制与政策优化研究”(批准号:20BJL038);国家社会科学基金项目“空间-经济-社会关联下的技术创新同群效应研究”(批准号:19BJL083);湖北省社会科学基金重点项目“科学规划湖北省‘十四五’规划的重大战略问题研究”(批准号:HBSKZD2020033)。

摘　　要：河长制是中国应对水污染“自下而上”的地方环境规制政策创新,全面梳理河长制的扩散机理、实证检验河长制的推行效果与影响机制研究,对于改善水污染、保护水环境、建设绿水青山生态文明具备重要的理论和现实意义。基于工业企业数据库与绿色发展数据库匹配而来的长江三角洲地区微观企业数据,使用双重差分模型评价河长制对水污染产生的冲击效应时,发现不满足共同趋势假设,进而使用多期三重差分模型更为准确地识别河长制的推行对于企业水污染物排放量的影响,并检验河长制影响污染排放的传导机制。研究结果显示:①从河长制在长三角地区的实施效果来看,其对水污染行业企业水污染物减排效果显著,能显著改善长三角地区的水污染。②推行河长制使得企业通过加大环保创新投入并减少生产来提高企业环境绩效,同时短期内使得企业全要素生产率降低。③河长制的推行效果具备所有权异质性和政策动机异质性,对私有企业具备更强的规制效果,环保意识更强的国企具备更大的减排自驱力,对国有企业规制效果较弱;主动推行河长制地区企业减排治污效果更好,在上级政府要求下推行河长制会削弱河长制政策效果。因此,在全面推行河长制的进程中,地方政府应继续坚持全面推行河长制政策,引导企业不断加大创新投入通过技术更新提高污染治理能力,通过加强社会监督提升企业环保意识,并积极对环境制度进行因地制宜的创新,提高各级政府严格落实河长制的动机和主观能动性。The river chief system is a policy innovation to deal with water pollution implemented by local governments from the bottom and the central government from the top in China.It is of theoretical and practical significance for preventing water pollution,protecting the water environment,and building ecological civilization to comprehensively review the diffusion mechanism of the river chief system and empirically test its implementation effect and influence mechanism.We used the DID model to evaluate the impact of the river chief system on water pollution based on the micro-enterprise data of the Yangtze River Delta matched with the statistical database of industrial enterprises and the green development database.We found that the result did not satisfy the common trend hypothesis,so we used the multi-period DDD model to identify the implementation impact of the river chief system on the discharge of water pollutants in enterprises and to examine the transmission mechanism of its impact on pollution discharge.The results showed that:①The river chief system had a significant impact on the reduction of water pollutants in the water pollution industry and could significantly prevent water pollution in the Yangtze River Delta.②The implementation of the river chief system could improve corporate environmental performance by increasing investment in environmental innovation and reducing production,while reducing their total factor productivity in the short term.③The implementation impact of the river chief system had a heterogeneous ownership and policy motivation,which had a stronger regulatory effect on private enterprises.State-owned enterprises with stronger environmental awareness had a greater selfdrive for emission reduction,but the regulatory effect on state-owned enterprises was weak.The enterprises in the region that actively implemented the river chief system had better emission reduction and pollution control effects,while the implementation of the river chief system at the request of the superior govern

关 键 词：河长制 企业环境绩效 三重差分 

分 类 号：F403[经济管理—产业经济]