基于悖论理论的农户农药减量化行为  

Study on farmers’pesticide reduction behaviors based on paradox theory

作　　者：朱郭奇 李文文 钱冬 ZHU Guoqi;LI Wenwen;QIAN Dong(College of Economics&Management,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2023年第3期102-112,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学项目“种植户亲环境行为与意愿悖离及行为激励政策研究”(批准号:19YJC790205);“基于解释水平理论的农户粮食生产托管契约安排及引导政策研究”(批准号:21YJC790093);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目“基于悖论理论的种植户亲环境技术获得与采纳政策优化研究”(批准号:2020JQ-283);“基于实物期权的集体建设用地租赁住房项目投资策略及激励政策研究”(批准号:2021JM-113);陕西省社会科学基金项目“供给安全目标下陕西省粮食低碳生产政企农协同路径研究”(批准号:2021R043),“不同情境下陕西省农户施肥用药服务外包决策及政策引导研究”(批准号:2020R045)。

摘　　要：为了揭示当前中国农户在施药决策时对绿色与经济目标冲突的处理能力和倾向,并厘清其如何影响其实际施药行为,找到引导农户主动实施农药减量化行为的着力点和有效途径,基于悖论理论,从悖论思维能力出发构建农户农药减量化行为概念模型,以过量用药关注度衡量悖论识别程度,以规制感知衡量悖论包容程度,该研究利用陕西省402份种粮小农户数据,采用PLS⁃SEM模型检验农户悖论思维能力、过量用药关注度和规制感知对农药减量化行为的影响路径,研究发现:①悖论思维能力对农户整体农药减量化技术(方法)采纳程度具有促进作用,但当前种粮小农户的悖论思维能力总体偏低。②对于农药包装专门处理行为,悖论思维能力具有直接促进作用;对于减量技术采纳行为,悖论思维能力会通过提升过量用药关注度和非正式规制感知来促进实施;对于减少用量行为,则没有显著促进作用。③相比正式规制感知,农户对非正式规制的感知能显著促进其实施减量化行为。基于此,提出树立目标有效融合典型并利用其社会影响提升农户悖论思维能力与过量用药关注度、通过创新绿色生产激励手段加强非正式与正式规制有效配合的政策建议。该研究为系统性认识和分析农户亲环境行为目标执行悖论处理过程提供一个研究框架,为悖论理论实证研究寻找悖论识别、包容程度的衡量标准提供了量化思路,为未来研究农户其他同类型亲环境行为提供了实证依据。In order to reveal the ability and tendency of Chinese farmers to deal with the conflicts between green and economic objectives in pesticide application decision-making,clarify how they affect their actual pesticide application behaviors,and find the most focused and effective way to guide farmers to actively implement pesticide reduction behaviors,this study constructed a theoretical model of the influence of paradoxical thinking on farmers’pesticide reduction behaviors based on paradox theory.The degree of paradox identification was measured by the concern about pesticide overuse,and the degree of paradox acceptance was measured by the perception of regulation.Using the data of 402 small grain farmers in Shaanxi Province,this study tested the influence path of paradox thinking,the concern about pesticide overuse,and the perception of regulation on farmers’pesticide reduction behaviors by using the PLS-SEM model.The results showed that:①Paradoxical thinking could encourage farmers to adopt pesticide reduction technologies(methods),but the sample farmers’paradoxical thinking capacity was generally low.②For the special handling behavior of pesticide packaging,paradoxical thinking could directly promote it;for the adoption behavior of reduction technology,paradoxical thinking could promote its implementation by improving the concern about pesticide overuse and the perception of informal regulation;for the direct reduction behavior,it had no significant promoting effect.③Compared with the perception of formal regulation,farmers’perception of informal regulation could significantly promote their pesticide reduction behaviors.Based on these results,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions.First,model farmers and villages should be established with effective integration of targets and their social influence should be used to enhance farmers’paradoxical thinking capacity and concern about pesticide overuse.Second,effective coordination of informal and formal regulations should be strengthened thro

关 键 词：悖论思维能力 过量用药关注度 规制感知 农药减量化 PLS⁃SEM模型 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] S48[农业科学—农药学]