《长江保护法》视域下湿地产权制度的“旧”与“新”  

The‘old’and the‘new’of the wetland property right system in view of the Yangtze River Protection Law

作　　者：周圣佑 秦鹏[1] ZHOU Shengyou;QIN Peng(Law School,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2023年第3期194-204,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：2022年度中央高校基本科研业务费重大专项“双碳目标下生产生活方式绿色变革的法治保障研究”(批准号:2022CDJSKPY26);2022年重庆市研究生科研创新项目“重庆市政务公开评估指标体系构建及实际测度研究”(批准号:CYB22055)。

摘　　要：为了解决多种环境要素交织情形下生态整体性保护问题,《长江保护法》提出了生态系统整体性和生态空间系统性的导向和理念。文章基于《长江保护法》视角,利用其颁布时间前后的湿地资源相关数据,运用规范分析、比较分析、实证分析等方法,对湿地产权制度与传统产权制度之间的非适应性以及解决方案进行了分析。研究发现,湿地产权制度囿于传统产权制度固有的结构性缺陷,已经在实践中造成了制度价值偏离、制度功能失位、制度实施阻滞等诸多问题,但是在基本原则的选择、内部事权的配置以及法律关系客体的定义上存在制度完善的新可能。进一步讨论发现,湿地产权制度应当明确生态价值在湿地产权制度中的基础性地位,利用生态系统整体性视角调整湿地产权管理模式,完善湿地产权制度对生态空间的确权登记方式。具体的制度纾解路径是:第一,湿地产权制度应该将“生态优先、绿色发展”原则作为基本原则进行贯彻;第二,湿地资源确权登记结果和湿地产权生态信息可以绑定后进行公开;第三,湿地产权的自然资源边界和内部行政管理职责边界需要统筹规划;第四,湿地产权制度理应与“河湖长制”形成制度联系;第五,湿地产权信息应当与领导干部政绩考核相关联;第六,湿地产权制度务必明确规定测绘指标、测绘主体和测绘方式并且适时考虑引入“景观变化标准”。To address the issue of holistic ecological protection in a situation where various environmental factors intertwine,the Yangtze River Protection Law has established the orientation and concept of ecosystem integrity and the ecological space systematization.Based on the data of wetland resources before and after the promulgation of the Yangtze River Protection Law,this paper analyzes the inadaptability between the wetland property right system and the traditional property right system by using the methods of normative analysis,comparative analysis,and empirical analysis,and puts forward solutions.Constrained by the inherent structural defects of the traditional property right system,the wetland property right system has many problems in practice,such as system value deviation,system function dislocation,system implementation block,etc.,but it has a new possibility of system improvement in the selection of basic principles,the allocation of internal powers,and the definition of legal relationship objects.This paper further proposes that China should clarify the basic position of ecological value in the wetland property right system,adjust the management mode of wetland property rights based on the integrity of the ecosystem,and improve the registration method of the wetland property right system for ecological space.The specific path of system optimization is as follows:first,the principle of‘prioritizing ecological couservation and boosting green development’should be established as the basic principle of the wetland property right system;second,the registration results of wetland property right confirmation and the ecological information of wetland property rights should be bound before being made public voluntarily;third,the boundary of natural resources and internal administrative responsibilities of wetland property rights should be planned as a whole;fourth,the wetland property right system should be institutionally connected with the‘river chief system’;fifth,the information of wetland property righ

关 键 词：长江保护法 生态空间 湿地产权制度 “生态优先、绿色发展”原则 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]