国际经贸规则变革的政治经济学思考  

The Consideration of Political Economics on the Changing Rules of International Trade and Economy

作　　者：张乃根 Zhang Naigen

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2023年第2期86-101,共16页China Law Review

摘　　要：以贸易、金融和投资领域为主的当代国际经贸规则,是在第二次世界大战之后由美国等发达国家和地区主导制定的。其中,多边贸易体系的主要规则已经发生根本变化,但是,以美元霸权地位为核心的多边金融体系规则尚无实质变化,双边投资协定和区域贸易协定的投资规则体制也没有发生重大变革,而是趋向有利于可持续发展和便利化。基于对国际经贸规则变革的客观评估,有必要运用已得到历史实证的马克思主义政治经济学原理,深入思考、分析“二战”以来世界经济作为国际社会的经济基础,经过国际经济、全球经济和“无边界”经济三个阶段发展,对作为国际社会上层建筑范畴的国际经贸规则及其体系的形成和变化所具有的根本作用,以及后者对前者的巨大反作用。尤其是近年来,随着中国不断深化改革和扩大开放,积极参与全球经济一体化,经济实力显著增强,已经并将继续改变国际社会经济基础的力量对比,而美国千方百计维持其霸权地位,并转向单边主义对外贸易政策,极大削弱多边贸易体制,对国际社会经济基础具有消极反作用。中国通过实施“一带一路”倡议、发起成立新的国际金融机构和携手共建地区与国际安全合作体系,正在影响着国际经贸规则的积极变革,日益体现正向的政治引导力。The contemporary rules of international trade and economy are made by the United States and other developed countries after the second World War.The primary rules of multilateral trade system have been changed fundamentally.However,it has not been changed for the rules of multilateral financial system with the hegemony of the US dollars.The rules of investment maintain unchanged in the system of bilateral investment or regional trade agreements,which is developing towards sustainable development and investment facilitation.Based on the objective assessment on the changing rules of international trade and economy,it is necessary to apply the principles of Marxism political economics which has been already proved by history for consideration and analysis on the world economy as the economic basis of international community after the second World War through three phases,i.e.,the international economy,global economy and"borderless"economy,to provide with the driven force for the establishment or development of the rules of international trade and economy as the upper institutions of international community,as well as its critical counter force on the economic basis.In particular of recent years,China has risen with the domestic reform and open-door policy to actively participate in the global economic integration,which has changed the economic basis of international community.However,the United States intents to maintain its hegemony by the unilateral foreign trade policy to weaken the multilateral trade system,which had the negative impacts on the international economic basis.China has influenced positively the changing rules of international trade and economy by increasing political leadership to carry out the"Belt and Road"Initiative,to establish the new international financial institutions and to promote the corporation system of regional and international security.

关 键 词：国际经贸规则 变革 经济基础 上层建筑 政治引导 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学] F744[政治法律—国际法学]