戊型肝炎病毒与血液安全的研究进展  

Research progress on hepatitis E virus and blood safety

作　　者：刘淼 LIU Miao(Tianjin Blood Center,Tianjin 300110,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市血液中心,天津300110

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2023年第4期359-364,共6页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus, HEV)是引起急性病毒性肝炎的主要原因之一。虽然在世界范围内发生在人群中的戊型肝炎病毒感染大多数是经过粪-口传播,但是经输血传播HEV(transfusion-transmitted HEV,TT-HEV)作为一个新兴的全球健康问题越来越受到各国的关注。在世界范围内有0.001 3%~0.281 0%的献血者为HEV病毒的无症状感染者,0.27%~60.50%有抗-HEV免疫球蛋白抗体IgG。血液中即使病毒载量极低,也会造成受血者感染HEV病毒,对血液安全形成了极大的威胁。因此,在献血者中开展HEV筛查已经成为许多国家关注的重要问题。本文综述经输血传播HEV(TT-HEV)的证据和典型案例,以及不同国家开展HEV筛查的检测方案和结果,为我国HEV筛查是否作为无偿献血者常规血液筛查指标提供依据。Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is one of the main reasons of acute viral hepatitis.Although the majority of hepatitis E virus infection in humans is transmitted by fecal-oral route around the world,transfusion-transmitted HEV(TT-HEV)has attracted more and more attention as an emerging global health problem.Worldwide,0.0013%-0.2810%of blood donors are HEV virus asymptomatic infection,and 0.27%-60.50% of blood donors have anti-HEV immunoglobulin antibody IgG.Blood recipient could get infected with HEV even if viral load in the blood is extremely low,which poses a great threat to blood safety.Therefore,HEV screening in blood donors has become an important concern in many countries.This article reviews the evidence and typical cases of TT-HEV,as well as the detection protocols and results of HEV screening in different countries,in order to provide evidence for whether HEV screening should be included in routine screening items for voluntary blood donors in China.

关 键 词：戊型肝炎病毒 血液安全 无偿献血者 经输血传播HEV 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] R373.2[医药卫生—临床医学]