甘肃礼县出土扁球形附耳鼎的浑铸与水平分型技术——兼论技术对造型设计的影响  

Monoblock Casting and Horizontal Parting Technology of Flat Spherical Tripod with Side Ears Unearthed in Li County:Also on the Influence of Technology on Modeling Design

作　　者：刘彦琪 Liu Yanqi

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国考古学研究中心 [2]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《四川文物》2023年第2期73-84,共12页Sichuan Cultural Relics

摘　　要：北京大学考古文博学院对甘肃省礼县博物馆藏一系列不同时代的扁球形附耳鼎进行器表观察和内部结构CT检测,结果表明,该器物制作采用了模块化的生产技术,如使用分体模批量生产附件范后再进行总装、分体模可以排列组合式的多次配对使用等,提高生产效率的同时也降低了误差。此外,还使用实验考古的辅助方法进行模拟和验证,进一步认为器物制作使用了浑铸和水平分型,用于浑铸的铸型生产和铸造可能不在同一地完成。最后讨论了技术的成因及其对器物造型设计的影响,如顶盖折沿的有无受到后铸技术的影响、足部宽扁造型乃至足腹相对位置受技术限制的影响多于器形的主观设计等。This paper studies the process technology of a series of flat spherical tripods with side ears in the collection of Li County Museum,Gansu Province,as the discussion of relevant issues in previous studies is insufficient.CT detection is used to observe the interior structure of the samples,and trace analysis methods are adopted in the observation of the phenomena on the surface.Based on the observation,the author believes that modular production technology was adopted in the making of the objects,such as the use of split molds for mass production of accessory models before final assembly,as well as rearrange and reassembly of the split molds for multiple matching,which improves the production efficiency and reduces the error.In addition to the theoretical research,the conclusions were simulated and verified by the auxiliary methods of experimental archaeology.The author believes that the ancient foundry workers used the monoblock casting technology and horizontal parting mold structure design in the manufacture of artifacts,and the mold production and casting might not be completed in the same place.Lastly,causes of the technology and its influence on the modeling design of artifacts are discussed,for example,whether the folded rim of top cover is affected by the post-casting technology,the wide and flat shape of the foot and even the relative position of belly and foot are more affected by technical constraints rather than the subjective design of the shape.To a certain extent,this provides another explanation of the internal driving force of the evolution of shape design.In addition to the influence of subjective will such as aesthetic taste and shape design,the constraints of production tools and technology also play an important role.

关 键 词：扁球形附耳鼎 浑铸 水平分型 模块化生产 造型设计 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]