青海东北部地区一次雷暴过程电荷结构成因数值模拟  

Numerical Simulation of the Origin of Charge Structure During a Thunderstorm in Northeastern Qinghai

作　　者：蔡彬彬 郭凤霞[1] 张坤 张志伟 邹迪可 初雨 吴泽怡 CAI Binbin;GUO Fengxia;ZHANG Kun;ZHANG Zhiwei;ZOU Dike;CHU Yu;WU Zeyi(Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《电瓷避雷器》2023年第2期26-33,共8页Insulators and Surge Arresters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41975003、41875002);国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2017YEC1501503)。

摘　　要：利用三维雷暴云动力—电耦合数值模式,通过对青海东北部地区2011年7月29日一次雷暴发展过程进行研究模拟,分析了青海东北部地区雷暴的电荷结构演变特征并从微物理方面讨论了其过程主要形成原因。结果表明,对流过程中霰粒子比含水量分布广,雹粒子比较少,以液态降水为主。青海地区雷暴以三极性结构为主,在上升气流比较弱时电荷结构呈现出下正中负的电荷结构,结构整体电荷密度分布较低,底部正电荷区与负电荷区深厚,霰粒子在下荷正电,冰晶在上荷正电。随着上升气流增大,冰晶粒子随着上升气流抬升碰并时荷正电在负电荷区上形成比较强的正电荷区,中部负电荷区主要是由霰粒子所携带负电荷形成,霰分布广且贴近地面,霰粒子在较低地方主要荷正电荷形成下部弱的正电荷区,随着降水过程拖拽霰粒子下部正电荷区消失,此时霰粒子对下部弱正电荷区形成起着重要作用。Based on the simulation of a thunderstorm on July 29,2011 in the northeast of Qinghai Pro-vince,the charge structure characteristics of the thunderstorm are analyzed and the main formation rea-sons are discussed from the perspective of microphysics by using the three-dimensional dynamic and e-lectrical coupling numerical model of thunderstorm cloud.The results show that graupel particles are widely distributed and hail particles are relatively few,and liquid precipitation is the main precipitation in the process of convection.Thunderstorms in Qinghai are mainly of tripolar structure.When the updraft is weak,the charge structure presents a negative charge structure in the middle of the lower part of the structure.The overall charge density distribution of the structure is low,and the positive and negative charge areas at the bottom are deep.Increasing with the increased flow,ice crystal particles as rising air lift touch and charge positively charged in stronger positive charge area is formed on the negative zone,negative charge in the middle area is mainly formed from graupel particles carried by negative charge,grau-pel and close to the ground,graupel particles formed in the lower place main charge positive charge lower weak positive area,drag the lower part of graupel particles as the precipitation process positively charged area disappear,graupel particles at this time of lower weak positive charge which plays an important role.

关 键 词：青海雷暴 电荷结构 比含水量 冰相水成物粒子 

分 类 号：P458.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]