错误成本分析理论下互联网平台准监管责任的问题与完善  

Problems and Improvements of Internet Platforms'Quasi-Regulatory Responsibilities under the Error Cost Analysis Theory

作　　者：金美蓉[1] 李倩 JIN Meirong;LI Qian

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]德国维尔茨堡大学

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期96-116,共21页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：在“以网管网”的监管格局下,互联网平台依法履行平台内的准监管义务。在法律模糊或需要价值判断时,受动机、能力、成本等因素影响,互联网平台的准监管活动难免发生偏差或错误。根据错误成本分析理论,互联网平台错误可分为过度监管的假阳性错误和监管不足的假阴性错误。在现有的经济与法律环境中,一般情况下偏向假阳性错误对互联网平台来说是成本更小的选择,但具体语境下的特殊因素会对错误成本产生影响。两类错误均与公共利益相悖,尤其假阳性错误会助长互联网平台的私权扩张。国家在完善互联网平台主体责任的过程中,应细化互联网平台准监管责任的执行标准,调整政府与互联网平台、用户的三元关系,加强塑造互联网平台协议的公共性,激活市场机制,以减少互联网平台错误,更好发挥平台准监管的功能和效用。Under the newly established regulatory framework of"enlisting the Internet to govern the Internet",Internet platforms undertake legal responsibilities in accordance with laws and thereunder perform quasi-regulatory obligations.In circumstances where laws are ambiguous,or value judgments are needed,such quasi-regulatory activities are inevitably subject to errors due to platforms'incentives,capabilities,and cost considerations.Under the error cost analysis theory,these errors are categorized as false positive and false negative errors.Considering the current economic and law environment,platforms would prefer,in general,false positive errors because of their lower costs,but error costs may vary with factors in specific contexts.Both false positive and false negative errors impair public interests,and in particular,platforms'possible preference for false positive errors,which would be harmful since it facilitates the expansion of platforms'private power.In developing laws regarding platforms'responsibilities,to reduce platforms'errors and let platforms better serve as quasi-regulators,the state should specify implementation rules for quasi-regulatory obligations imposed on platforms,refine the relation among governments,platforms and users,shape platforms'rules to be more public from procedural and substantive aspects,and activate market mechanisms as an important force to correct platforms'errors.

关 键 词：互联网平台 互联网平台经济规制 平台责任 平台准监管 错误成本分析理论 

分 类 号：D912.29[政治法律—民商法学]