华钟彦戏曲研究的方法特点及治学理路  

The Method Characteristics and the Way of Scholarship of Hua Zhongyan's Research into Traditional Chinese Drama

作　　者：赵兴勤 赵韡 ZHAO Xingqin;ZHAO Wei

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学文学院 [2]徐州市医保局

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期157-180,共24页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新中国成立70周年中国戏曲史(江苏卷)”(项目编号:19ZD05)。

摘　　要：华钟彦是著名的古代文学研究专家、诗人,还被称许为“最正统的汉诗吟诵者”。其早年曾涉及古代戏曲研究,专著《戏曲丛谭》在学术界曾引起较大反响。约略说来,该著大致体现出如下几方面的特点:一是格局严整,覆盖面广,既着力于“史”的探讨,又围绕曲之本体的方方面面,发表了许多很好的意见;二是思想开放,视野开阔,对戏曲起源、隋唐变文与戏曲的关系、宋代“杂剧词”的场上功用、元杂剧与金院本的演唱形式异同等疑难问题发表了自己的看法;三是着眼场上,切合实际,强调唱曲应以声带情,主张场上语言的“肖似”与通俗,关注艺人的吐字发声问题等等,可谓“深于排场之论”。华氏的治学方法可以归纳为以下四个方面,即:厚培根基,注重会通;博览文献,审慎辨析;知难而进,挑战自我;着眼现实,立足当下。这些方法,有着鲜明的内在学术理路。总的来说,华氏从事戏曲研究,不是为学术而学术。他之所以关注历史上的若干戏曲现象,是为了弘扬戏曲的人文精神,也是为了场上传播,让“死知识”活在场上。当然,华钟彦戏曲研究也存在文献运用欠妥、史实判断有误的疏失,但瑕不掩瑜,他在学术研究上勇于开创新局面的积极探索精神及宝贵的治学经验,至今仍值得学人借鉴学习。HUA Zhongyan is regarded as the most authoritative reciter and a renowned expert and poet in the domain of ancient Chinese literature.He was involved in traditional Chinese drama studies in his early years,with his monograph"Treatise of Chinese Drama"gaining himself a high reputation.Roughly speaking,this work bears the following characteristics:First,it has a strict structure and wide coverage.It not only focuses on the discussion of"history",but also expresses many original opinions on extensive aspects of drama itself.Second,the author was open-minded with a broad vision,who expressed his views on the origin of drama,the relationship between"Sui and Tang Bianwen"and drama,the function of"Zaju Ci"in the Song Dynasty,and the similarities and differences between the singing formulae of"Yuan Zaju"and"Jin Yuanben".Third,the author undertook the realistic approach by focusing on the stage,emphasizing that singing should convey emotion through the vocalization of players,and advocating the"likeness"and popularity of the language on the stage.His work can be described as"deep at the theory of ostentation".Hua’s academic research methods could be summarized into the following four aspects:cultivating basic skills and comprehensive ability;reading extensively and judging carefully;overcoming difficulties and surpassing oneself;focusing on the reality.In a nutshell,the purpose of his research was to carry forward the humanistic spirit of Chinese drama,to spread the theater art,and to vitalize traditional knowledge and culture on the stage.Of course,Hua Zhongyan's research on traditional Chinese drama also has some imperfections,such as a few cases of inappropriate quotation of literature and wrong judgment of several historical facts.However,his spirit of active exploration and valuable experience in academic research are still worth learning from.

关 键 词：华钟彦 戏曲研究 方法特点 治学理路 

分 类 号：I207.3[文学—中国文学]