不同水稻品种光合特性及叶绿素对臭氧浓度升高的响应差异  

Different responses to elevated ozone among cultivars in the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll of rice

作　　者：何龙鑫 徐彦森 冯兆忠 张涵 曹蓉[1] 钟鑫 马艳泽 HE Longxin;XU Yansen;FENG Zhaozhong;ZHANG Han;CAO Rong;ZHONG Xin;MA Yanze(Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink,China Meteorological Administration(ECSS-CMA),Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province,School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,中国气象局生态系统碳源汇重点开放实验室,江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第4期715-723,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项项目(BE2022312)。

摘　　要：为研究不同水稻品种光合特性及其叶绿素含量对臭氧(O_(3))污染响应的差异并选育O_(3)耐受性品种,本研究基于开放式O_(3)浓度增加系统(O_(3)-FACE),以12个水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种(4个杂交稻品种和8个常规稻品种)为供试材料,设置两个O_(3)处理(A-O_(3):环境大气;E-O_(3):1.5倍环境O_(3)浓度),分别在灌浆前期和灌浆中期测定供试水稻的叶片光合特性及叶绿素含量。结果表明:在灌浆前期和灌浆中期,O_(3)浓度升高使杂交稻的饱和光合速率(A_(sat))分别平均下降15.1%和26.8%,气孔导度(gs)分别平均下降9.2%和27.4%,常规稻的A_(sat)分别平均下降8.7%和20.4%,g_(s)分别平均下降20.2%和13.1%。两个时期水稻的A_(sat)和gs下降的同时,大部分品种的叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))几乎维持不变,但电子传递效率(ETR)发生不同程度的变化,这说明O_(3)浓度升高对不同水稻品种影响的差异主要是由于ETR、叶肉细胞同化能力等非气孔因素的限制。由于O_(3)浓度升高的累积效应,大部分供试水稻品种的叶绿素总量在灌浆中期才出现明显下降,瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)由灌浆前期上升变为灌浆中期下降。研究表明,O_(3)浓度升高下不同水稻品种间的光合作用响应存在显著差异,且杂交稻比常规稻响应更敏感,其中扬两优6号对O_(3)最敏感,淮稻5号和南粳5055的O_(3)耐受性较强。It is important to select the most O_(3)-tolerant cultivars to adapt to the high O_(3)environment.This study assessed the genotypic differences of rice(Oryza sativa L.)exposed to elevated O_(3)in terms of photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content at the early and middle grain-filling_(s)tages(4 hybrid cultivars and 8 inbred cultivars).There were two O_(3)treatments(A-O_(3):Ambient atmosphere;EO_(3):1.5 times ambient O_(3)concentration)based on a Free-Air O_(3)Concentration Enhancement system.The results showed that E-O_(3)decreased the light-saturated photosynthetic rate(A_(sat))of hybrid rice by 15.1%and 26.8%,stomatal conductance(gs)by 9.2%and 27.4%,and A_(sat)of inbred rice by 8.7%and 20.4%,and gs by 20.2%and 13.1%at the early and middle grain-filling_(s)tages,respectively.While the A_(sat)and gs of rice decreased during these two periods,the intercellular CO_(2)concentration(C_(i))of leaves of most rice varieties remained almost unchanged and the electron transfer efficiency(ETR)changed at varying degrees,which indicated that the differences in the effects of O_(3)concentration on different rice varieties was mainly due to the limitation of non-stomatal factors such as ETR and mesophyll cell assimilation ability.Due to the cumulative effect of O_(3),the total chlorophyll in most of the tested rice cultivars showed significant decreases only at the mid-grain-filling_(s)tage,and the instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE)changed from an increase at the early grain filling_(s)tage to a decrease at the middle grain filling_(s)tage.In conclusion,there are significant differences in photosynthesis responses to E-O_(3)among cultivars,with hybrid rice being more sensitive than inbred rice,since it is indicated that Yangliangyou 6 is the most sensitive,whereas Huaidao 5 and Nanjing 5055 are more tolerant.

关 键 词：臭氧 水稻 光合作用 叶绿素 O_(3)-FACE 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]