高温预处理联合生物炭对猪粪堆肥中抗生素消减和重金属钝化的促进作用  

Effects of thermophilic pretreatment and biochar addition during pig manure composting on antibiotic elimination and heavy metal passivation

作　　者：阚泽鑫 朱宁 龙玉娇 靳红梅[2,3] KAN Zexin;ZHU Ning;LONG Yujiao;JIN Hongmei(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Jiangsu Organic Solid Waste Recycling Collaborative Innovation Center,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014 [3]江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,南京210095

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第4期879-890,共12页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：江苏省社会发展-重大科技示范项目(BE2022788);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(20)1011)。

摘　　要：堆肥过程中抗生素和重金属等有毒有害物质的阻控是有机肥品质提升和安全利用的重要前提。本研究采用高温预处理联合生物炭堆肥技术,系统分析了猪粪堆肥腐熟效果、抗生素消减规律和重金属钝化作用。结果发现,高温预处理联合生物炭堆肥明显加速了猪粪腐熟进程,腐熟时间最多可缩短13.6 d;腐殖化程度显著提升,腐植酸含量提高13.5%,胡富比提高了0.96倍;高温预处理联合生物炭堆肥可实现抗生素的高效降解,在堆肥14 d后四环素类抗生素去除率达100.0%,28 d后喹诺酮类抗生素去除率达100.0%,磺胺类抗生素去除率达99.0%,比其他处理缩短了14~28 d;高温预处理联合生物炭堆肥可有效钝化猪粪中的重金属,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Ni的钝化率最高分别为53.8%、51.6%、48.3%、35.8%、55.0%、53.8%和58.9%,比其他处理提高0.9~19.4个百分点。研究表明,高温预处理(90℃,4 h)联合生物炭(10%)堆肥可明显加快猪粪的腐熟,有效降低其中典型抗生素含量,并提高重金属的钝化率。Prevention and control of harmful substances,such as antibiotics and heavy metals,during composting is an important prerequisite to improve quality and ensure safe utilization of organic fertilizers.In the present study,the effects of incorporating thermophilic pretreatment and biochar addition during pig manure composting(HTPC10)were analyzed,and the efficacy of this method in antibiotic elimination and heavy metal passivation was assessed.The results showed that HTPC10 significantly accelerated the pig manure humification rate.Moreover,HTPC10 shortened the maximum decomposition time by 13.6 days compared with the other treatments(thermophilic pretreatment composting,biochar addition composting,and traditional composting).Under HTPC10,humic acid(HA)content increased by 13.5%and the humification rate increased 0.96-fold.HTPC10 achieved rapid and efficient elimination of antibiotics.Specifically,the tetracycline removal rate reached 100.0%after 14 days of composting;the removal rate of quinolone antibiotics reached 100.0%after 28 days of composting;and the removal rate of sulfonamide antibiotics reached 99.0%after 28 days of composting.Overall,HTPC10 shortened the duration for 99%-100%removal of antibiotics by 14–28 days compared with the other treatments.HTPC10 effectively passivated heavy metals during pig manure composting.The highest passivation rates of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr,As,and Ni were 53.8%,51.6%,48.3%,35.8%,55.0%,53.8%,and 58.9%,respectively,which were 0.9–19.4 percent points higher than those under the other treatments.In conclusion,the proposed composting method incorporating thermophilic pretreatment(90℃,4 h)and biochar addition(10%)can obviously accelerate pig manure humification,effectively eliminate common antibiotics,and markedly improve heavy metal passivation.

关 键 词：高温预处理 生物炭 猪粪 堆肥 抗生素消减 重金属钝化 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]