原位发酵床处理干旱寒冷区农村厕所粪污研究  

In situ microbial fermentation systems for treating human feces in rural regions with cold and water shortages

作　　者：陈卓帛 李佳彬 李路瑶 刘雪[1] 朱昌雄[1] 罗良国[1] 漆远义 田兰 耿兵[1] CHEN Zhuobo;LI Jiabin;LI Luyao;LIU Xue;ZHU Changxiong;LUO Liangguo;QI Yuanyi;TIAN Lan;GENG Bing(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081,China;Zhangye Lanbiao Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Zhangye 734000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]张掖兰标生物科技有限公司,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第4期912-920,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX07603-002);无水冲生态厕所产品验证(2022110043004897)。

摘　　要：为研究微生物原位发酵床处理干旱寒冷地区农村厕所粪污的效果,分析了发酵床垫料基本理化性质、营养成分以及微生物数量的变化情况,评价了发酵床垫料的安全性。结果表明,在体积大小约66 L的发酵床中,服务人数为4人·d^(-1)的F6和F7号发酵床垫料最高温度可达51.66℃和50.24℃。发酵床垫料的微生物以细菌为主,其数量在109~1010数量级。不同服务人数的发酵床垫料含水率变化情况不同,但总体呈现先波动上升后下降的趋势。研究表明,试验结束时所有发酵床垫料的pH、总养分含量和有机质含量均符合《有机肥料》(NY/T 525—2021)的相关规定,并且EC值均在2.48 mS·cm^(-1)以下,盐渍化风险较小,F8、F3、F6和F7号发酵床垫料的种子发芽指数在80%以上,达到了腐熟的要求。除F1号发酵床垫料外,试验结束时其他发酵床垫料的粪大肠杆菌数和蛔虫卵死亡率均符合《粪便无害化卫生要求》(GB 7959—2012)中的限定值。We evaluated the treatment efficiencies of human feces using in situ microbial fermentation systems in cold-arid rural regions.Changes in the basic physicochemical properties,nutrient compositions,and microbial abundances of padding were explored,and the safety of waste padding was evaluated.The results showed that when four uses per day occurred,the maximum temperatures in the padding of no.F6 and F7 reached 51.66℃and 50.24℃,respectively,in fermentation systems with a volume of approximately 66 L.Furthermore,the microbes in the padding were dominated by bacteria,showing levels of 109–1010 CFU·g^(-1).Changes in the moisture contents in the padding after different number of uses varied,with the trend first increasing and then decreasing.Following the test,the pH and total nutrient and organic matter contents in the padding conformed to the national standard(NY/T 525—2021).The EC values of the padding were less than 2.48 mS·cm^(-1),revealing a low salinization risk.The GI values of the padding of systems no.F8,F3,F6,and F7 were>80%,indicating the maturity of paddings.After the experiments,except for in system no.F1,the fecal coliform levels and mortality of ascaris eggs in the padding aligned with the national standard of GB 7959—2012.

关 键 词：原位发酵床 干旱寒冷地区 资源化利用 农村厕所粪污 安全性评价 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]