不同环境因子对苹果矮化自根砧脱毒试管苗移栽成活率的影响  

Effects of Different Environmental Factors on the Transplant Survival Rate of Virus—free Test-Tube Seedlings of Apple Dwarf Self Rootstock

作　　者：杨俊霞[1] 丁春元[1] 王颖 王花[1] 马建芳[1] YANG Junxia;DING Chunyuan;WANG Ying;WANG Hua;MA Jianfang(Tianshui Fruit Research Institute,Gansu,Tianshui 741002,China)

机构地区：[1]天水市果树研究所,甘肃天水741002

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2023年第3期11-14,共4页Journal of Fruit Resources

摘　　要：【目的】苗木移栽是植物组织培养的关键环节,移栽成活率直接决定着脱毒苗产业化生产的发展。该试验旨在探究不同环境因子对苹果矮化自根砧M9—T337、M26、B9、GM256脱毒试管苗移栽成活率的影响,以明确适宜移栽的环境条件。【方法】从激素、季节、移栽时间、温度、湿度、天气情况等方面开展了影响苹果矮化自根砧M9—T337、M26、B9、GM256脱毒试管苗炼苗移栽成活率的研究试验。【结果】移栽时蘸IAA并不能提高苹果矮化自根砧脱毒试管苗的成活率;一般在春季和秋冬季移栽均可进行,其中以冬春季移栽成活率最高,可达到84.9%~94.4%;移栽时湿度越高,组培苗的成活率越高,其中搭建小拱棚覆盖一层塑料薄膜的成活率最高,可以达到81.7%~86.7%;晴天傍晚移栽脱毒试管苗存活率最高,能够达到87.7%~97.5%。【结论】苹果矮化自根砧M9—T337、M26、B9、GM256脱毒试管苗温室移栽在冬季10月中旬晴天傍晚17:00—18:00的时间段进行,移栽到覆盖一层塑料薄膜的小拱棚内成活率最高。【Objective】Seedling transplanting is the key link of plant tissue culture,and the survival rate of transplanting directly determines the development of industrialized production of virus-free seedlings.The purpose of this experiment is to explore the effects of different environmental factors on the survival rate of apple dwarf rootstock M9-T337,M26,B9 and GM256 virus-free test-tube plantlets,so as to select the suitable environmental conditions for transplanting.【Methods】From the aspects of hormones,season,transplanting time,temperature,humidity,weather,etc.the surrival rate experiment of the hardening and transplanting of virus-free test-tube seedlings of apple dwarf rootstock M9-T337,M26,B9 and GM256 were studied.【Results】The results showed that the survival rate of virus-free plantlets of apple dwarf rootstock could not be improved by dipping IAA when transplanting.Generally,transplanting could be carried out in spring,autumn and winter.The survival rate of transplanting in winter and spring was the highest,which could reach 84.9%~94.4%.The higher the humidity when transplanting,the higher the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings.Among them,the survival rate of small arch shed covered with a layer of plastic film was the highest,which could reach 81.7%~86.7%.The survival rate of virus-free plantlets transplanted in sunny evening was the highest,which could reach 87.7%~97.5%.【Conclusion】Apple dwarf rootstocks M9-T337,M26,B9,GM256 virus-free test-tube plantlets were transplanted in greenhouse,and transplanted in the sunny day of mid-October in the evening of 17:00—18:00.The survival rate was the highest in the small arch shed covered with a layer of plastic film.

关 键 词：苹果 矮化自根砧 脱毒试管苗 环境因子 温室移栽 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]