不同条件下蟠枣越冬冻害情况调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Winter Freezing Injury of Flat Jujube under Different Conditions

作　　者：任孝菲 吴纯 靳娟 林敏娟[1] 吴翠云[1] 郝庆[3] REN Xiaofei;WU Chun;JIN Juan;LIN Minjuan;WU Cuiyun;HAO Qing(College of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;Wusheng County Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Guang’an 638400,China;Institute of Horticultural Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]四川省广安市武胜县农业农村局,四川广安638400 [3]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2023年第3期20-23,共4页Journal of Fruit Resources

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-30);新疆红枣产业技术体系专项资金(XJCYTX-01);国家产业桃技术体系枣南疆综合试验站(CARS-30-ZZ-19)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过调查新疆不同砧木、不同防护措施和不同地域条件下蟠枣越冬冻害与春季萌芽的情况,以期为解决蟠枣安全越冬问题提供理论依据。【方法】在2022年蟠枣萌芽前后,对不同砧木、不同防护措施和不同地域条件下的蟠枣进行随机取样拍照,将蟠枣枝条的冻害程度进行分级,并对蟠枣受冻后的春季萌芽情况进行调查统计分析。【结果】不同中间砧嫁接的蟠枣枝条越冬受冻率从低到高依次为:酸枣<灰枣<骏枣,不同防护措施下的蟠枣枝条采用报纸包裹叠加涂白后的受冻率最低;不同地域条件下麦盖提县两年的越冬最低气温均低于泽普县,因此,麦盖提县的蟠枣受冻率较高。【结论】嫁接蟠枣应选择在本地抗性表现较好的砧木,对于抗寒性较弱的枣树品种,对其进行人工干预的防护可有效降低越冬受冻率,提高春季萌芽率。【Objective】The research aimed to provide theoretical basis for solving the problem of safe overwintering of flat jujube by investigating the overwintering freezing injury and spring germination of flat jujube under different rootstocks,different protective measures and different regional conditions in Xinjiang.【Methods】Before and after the germination of flat jujube in 2022,the flat jujubes under different rootstocks,different protective measures and different geographical conditions were randomly sampled and photographed,and the freezing damage degree of flat jujube branches was graded.The germination of flat jujube in spring after freezing was investigated and statistically analyzed.【Results】The winter freezing injury rate of flat jujube branches grafted on different interstocks from low to high was:sour jujube<gray jujube<Jun jujube.The freezing injury rate of flat jujube branches under different protective measures was the lowest after newspaper wrapping and white coating.Under different regional conditions,the minimum wintering temperature of Maigaiti in two years was lower than that of Zepu County,so the incidence of freezing injury in Maigaiti County was higher.【Conclusion】Grafting flat jujube should choose rootstocks with better local resistance performance.For jujube varieties with weak cold resistance,artificial intervention protection can effectively reduce the probability of overwintering freezing and spring germination.

关 键 词：蟠枣 冻害 萌芽 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]