语言隐喻的认知博弈论语用学分析  

An Epistemic Gametheoretic Pragmatics Account of Linguistic Metaphors

作　　者：徐慈华[1,2] 严小姗 Cihua Xu;Xiaoshan Yan(Institute of Logic and Cognition,Zhejiang University;Center for the Study of Language and Cognition,Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学逻辑与认知研究所 [2]浙江大学语言与认知研究中心

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2023年第2期1-15,共15页Studies in Logic

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“汉语隐喻的逻辑表征与认知计算”(18ZDA290)。

摘　　要：隐喻的存在具有普遍性,它不仅是一种语言上的修饰,还是一种重要的认知机制。关联理论基于特设概念和关联原则两个概念工具,为语言隐喻的分析提供了具有较强解释力的方案,但其形式化分析仍存在诸多挑战。博弈论语用学将分析多主体互动性决策的数理化模型和求解方案引入到语言使用的分析中,其中的IBR模型能从语言交际参与者的内部视角展示交际者是如何对表达式的意义进行正确理解的,因而具备了对关联理论进行整体系统化形式分析的有利条件。本文以IBR模型为基本工具,分析隐喻使用中各种要素相互作用的过程,构建一种整体性的形式化分析框架,为隐喻的形式化解读提供了一种新的探索和尝试。Metaphor is pervasive in everyday life,and it is not only a form of rhetoric but also a crucial cognitive mechanism.Based on the ad hoc concept and the principle of relevance,relevance theory(RT)explains the inference process and the conditions limiting linguistic metaphor comprehension,but formalizing its analysis remains a formidable challenge.The Iterated Best Response(IBR)model of gametheoretic pragmatics arises as an efficient model capable of addressing the issue.The model focuses on analyzing communicative contexts and encompasses shared information,signal strategy,rational selection,utility,and probabilistic belief.Its solution concept adopts an internal viewpoint to illustrate how communicators achieve equilibrium(the correct understanding of an expression).Consequently,the IBR model can provide a comprehensive method for formalizing the inference process and its RTexplained constraint conditions.Within the framework of the IBR model,this article examines the process of interaction between the various elements of metaphor usage in order to demonstrate how the process of using metaphors can be formalized effectively.

关 键 词：关联理论 语言隐喻 博弈论语用学 IBR模型 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]