记忆控制对大学生考试焦虑的影响  

The influence of memory control on exam anxiety among college students

作　　者：陆凤英 严思漫 LU Fengying;YAN Siman(School of Education Science,Nanning Normal University,Nanning 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]南宁师范大学教育科学学院,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《健康研究》2023年第2期144-148,共5页Health Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(19YJC190014)。

摘　　要：目的探讨记忆控制对大学生考试焦虑的影响,为缓解考试焦虑情绪提供理论依据。方法采用考试焦虑量表、思维控制能力问卷及压抑遗忘范式对52名大学生进行施测,实验为3(实验条件:回想、压抑和基线)×2(材料类型:考试焦虑词和中性词)被试内设计。结果考试焦虑和思维控制能力呈负相关(r=-0.31,P=0.028)。不论是焦虑词还是中性词,压抑条件下的回忆准确率(69.23%、78.85%)显著低于回想条件(91.67%、99.04%)和基线条件(88.14%、97.12%);压抑条件下的遗忘动机显著高于回想条件(t=3.09、2.78);差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。压抑条件下,对焦虑词的回忆准确率显著低于中性词(t=6.67);对焦虑词的遗忘动机显著高于中性词(t=-8.64);差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论主动压抑操作后,大学生对考试焦虑相关负性记忆回忆更难,且更想要遗忘。提高负性闯入记忆的主动抑制能力,有助于降低考试焦虑水平。Objective This study aimed to explore the influence of memory control on exam anxiety among college students,providing a theoretical basis for alleviating exam anxiety.Methods A total of 52 college students were measured using the Test Anxiety Scale,the Thought Control Ability Questionnaire,and the Suppression-induced Forgetting Paradigm.The experiment adopted a within-subject design with three experimental conditions(recall,suppression,and baseline)and two material types(anxiety-related words and neutral words).Results The results showed a negative correlation between exam anxiety and thought control ability(r=-0.31,P=0.028).Regardless of anxiety-related or neutral words,the recall accuracy under the suppression condition(69.23%,78.85%)was significantly lower than that under the recall condition(91.67%,99.04%)and the baseline condition(88.14%,97.12%).The forgetting motivation under the suppression condition was significantly higher than that under the recall condition(t=3.09,2.78),and the differences were significant(P<0.001).Under the suppression condition,the recall accuracy for anxiety-related words was significantly lower than that for neutral words(t=6.67),and the forgetting motivation for anxiety-related words was significantly higher than that for neutral words(t=-8.64);the differences were significant(P<0.001).Conclusion After actively suppressing negative memories related to exam anxiety,college students found it more difficult to recall those memories and were more willing to forget them.Improving the ability of active inhibition of negative memory intrusions can help reduce exam anxiety levels.

关 键 词：考试焦虑 主动遗忘 记忆控制 青少年心理 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]