不同熟期玉米品种和种植密度对子粒脱水特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Maize Varieties with Different Maturity Periods and Planting Density on Grain Dehydration Characteristics and Yield

作　　者：李青松 马中义 丁贵江 梁秋华 王奇 任冬雪 穆云森 张莹莹 李一 LI Qing-song;MA Zhong-yi;DING Gui-jiang;LIANG Qiu-hua;WANG Qi;REN Dong-xue;MU Yun-sen;ZHANG Ying-ying;LI Yi(Chengde Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Chengde 067000,China)

机构地区：[1]承德市农林科学院,河北承德067000

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2023年第2期37-43,共7页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(21326326D,20326412D);河北省现代农业产业体系“玉米产业体系”项目(HBCT2018020402)。

摘　　要：研究玉米品种熟期类型和种植密度对子粒脱水特性和产量的影响,以期筛选出适宜机械粒收的高产玉米品种,并为机械粒收高产品种的选育提供参考。采用两因素裂区试验设计,选用不同熟期的8个玉米品种(德美亚1号、A6565、承单1171、富尔116、先正达408、三北5018、先玉335和华农887)进行密度(4.5万、6.0万、7.5万、9.0万、10.5万和12.0万株/hm^(2))试验,研究了不同品种和密度下玉米成熟后子粒含水量、脱水速率、抗倒性、产量等的变化。结果表明:种植密度对玉米生理成熟时的子粒含水量无显著影响;不同品种的自然脱水速率不同,玉米品种生理成熟后的天数与子粒含水率呈直线下降关系;不同熟期类型品种的机械粒收适宜时间不同,极早熟品种适宜在9月下旬收获,早熟品种适宜在10月上旬收获,中熟和中晚熟品种适宜在10月中旬收获;玉米品种的种植密度与产量呈二次曲线关系,极早熟和早熟品种的适宜种植密度为9.07万~10.29万株/hm^(2),中熟品种和中晚熟品种的适宜种植密度为6.45万~8.56株/hm^(2);早熟品种可以通过增加密度使产量水平达到或接近中熟和中晚熟品种,而极早熟品种即使增加密度也达不到中熟和中晚熟品种的产量水平。在北方春玉米区,可利用早熟品种适当增加密度代替中晚熟品种实现玉米子粒机械直收。Studying on the effects of maturity types and planting density on grain dehydration characteristics and yield of maize varieties could screen out high-yield maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvesting could provide reference for the breeding of high-yield varieties with mechanical grain harvesting.Using a two factors split plot experimental design,eight maize varieties(Demea 1,A6565,Chengdan 1171,Fuerl 116,Syngenta 408,Sanbei 5018,Xianyu 335,and Huanong 887)with different maturity periods were selected for planting density(45000,60000,75000,90000,105000,and 120000 plants/hm^(2))experiments to study the changes in grain moisture content,dehydration rate,lodging resistance,yield,and other factors after maturity under different maize varieties and densities.The results showed that planting density had no significant effect on the moisture content of grains during physiological maturity.The natural dehydration rates of different varieties were different,and the days after physiological maturity of maize varieties showed a linear decrease relationship with grain moisture content.The suitable time for mechanical grain harvesting varied among different maturity types of varieties.The extremely early maturing varieties were suitable for harvesting in late September,the early maturing varieties were suitable for harvesting in early October,and the medium and late maturing varieties were suitable for harvesting in mid October.The planting density of maize varieties showed a quadratic relationship with yield.The suitable planting density for extremely early and early maturing varieties was 90700 to 102900 plants/hm^(2),while the suitable planting density for medium and late maturing varieties was 64500 to 856000 plants/hm^(2).Early maturing varieties can achieve or approach the yield level of mid to late maturing varieties by increasing density,while extremely early maturing varieties cannot achieve the yield level of mid to late maturing varieties even with increasing density.In the northern spring maize area,

关 键 词：玉米品种 熟期类型 种植密度 子粒脱水 机械化粒收 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]