齐穗后遮阴时长对西北稻区粳稻产量和品质的影响  

Effect of shading duration after heading on grain yield and quality of japonica rice in northwest China

作　　者：邓艾兴[1] 李歌星 吕玉平[3] 刘猷红 孟英[4] 张俊[1] 张卫建[1] DENG Ai-Xing;LI Ge-Xing;LYU Yu-Ping;LIU You-Hong;MENG Ying;ZHANG Jun;ZHANG Wei-Jian(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China;Research Institute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [2]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450046 [3]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [4]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第7期1930-1941,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071950);科技援疆计划项目(2021E02008);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300501)资助。

摘　　要：灌浆期光照强度对保障水稻产量和稻米品质至关重要。本研究以常规高产水稻品种(新稻41、吉粳88)和优质水稻品种(粮粳10号、吉粳515)作为研究对象,以不遮阴作为对照,于2018和2019年在新疆乌鲁木齐研究了齐穗后不同遮阴时长处理(遮阴10 d、20 d和持续遮阴)对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明,齐穗后遮阴延长了水稻灌浆进程,降低了结实率、千粒重和产量;遮阴同时导致了籽粒直链淀粉含量显著降低,蛋白质含量显著增加,进而导致水稻垩白粒率和垩白度增加,淀粉糊化特性和食味值变差。与不遮阴相比,齐穗后遮阴10 d、20 d和持续遮阴处理2年平均水稻结实率和千粒重分别下降了3.5%、9.7%、11.1%和3.7%、7.1%、13.1%,进而导致产量分别下降了11.3%、16.5%和31.7%。直链淀粉含量和食味值受齐穗后0~10 d遮阴的影响不大,齐穗后遮阴20 d和持续遮阴处理较对照2年平均籽粒蛋白质含量分别增加了20.5%和30.8%,直链淀粉含量降低了3.6%和4.6%,崩解值和食味值分别降低了15.2%、26.1%和3.9%、7.7%。籽粒垩白粒率受齐穗后遮阴的影响因灌浆期背景光照强度而异, 2018年齐穗后遮阴10 d水稻垩白粒率增幅最大,达152.1%, 2019年为齐穗后遮阴20 d增幅最大,达345.5%。高产水稻品种对齐穗后遮阴时长的敏感程度大于优质水稻品种,其结实率和千粒重下降幅度更大,产量更易受遮阴的影响;并且高产水稻品种垩白粒率增加幅度明显大于优质水稻品种,导致其更易受遮阴影响。综上,齐穗后20d是遮阴影响稻米外观品质的关键时期,且遮阴时长的影响取决于背景光照强度;遮阴时间越长,稻米蒸煮食味品质越差。本研究将为我国优质粳稻生产应对未来气候变化提供科学依据。Light intensity at grain filling stage is an important ecological factor for high rice yield and quality.To investigate the effects of shading duration on yield and quality of two high yielding(Xindao 41,Jijing 88)and two good quality(Liangjing 10,Jijing 515)Japonica rice cultivars 10 days after heading(DAH10),20 days after heading(DAH20),heading to maturity(DAHM),and no shading as the control(CK),this experiment was conducted in Urumqi,Xinjiang,China,in 2018 and 2019.The results showed that,shading after rice heading lengthened grain filling duration,and decreased the seed setting rate,1000-grain weight,and rice yield.The decreasing amylose content and increasing protein content under shading after heading led to an increase in chalky grain rate,degree of chalkiness,and worsened significantly paste property and taste value.Compared to CK,mean seed setting rate and thousand grain weight of DAH10,DAH20 and DAHM decreased by 3.5%,9.7%,11.1%and 3.7%,7.1%,13.1%respectively,leading to significant decrease in yield during the two years period by 11.3%,16.5%,and 31.7%,respectively.There was no obvious influence of first ten-day shading after heading on grain amylose content and taste value.The protein content of DAH20 and DAHM in the two years increased by 20.5%and 30.8%,respectively,while amylose content decreased by 3.6%and 4.6%,respectively.This resulted in the decreasing breakdown and taste values by 15.2%,26.1%,and 3.9%,7.7%respectively.The effects of shading duration after heading on chalky grain rate varied with the local background light intensity.The increase of 152.1%chalky grain rate occurred in the first ten-day after heading in 2018,while the increase of 345.5%was observed 20 days after heading in 2019.High yield rice cultivars had more sensitivity to shading duration after heading compared to good quality rice cultivars.Decreases of grain filling rate and 1000-grain weight of the high yield cultivars reduced grain yield,while it led to higher chalkiness rate.In conclusion,20 days of shading after rice head

关 键 词：水稻 齐穗后遮阴 产量 品质 气候变化 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]