旋转液体特性实验测量重力加速度实验误差研究  

Experimental Errors in Gravity Acceleration Measurements by Rotating Liquid Characteristics

作　　者：赫文豪 李懂文 李帅霖 付楷涵 HE Wenhao;LI Dongwen;LI Shualin;FU Kaihan(Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Optical Detection Technology,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;Basic Research Center for Energy Interdisciplinary,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;College of Artificial Intelligence;College of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气光学探测技术北京市重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学(北京)理学院能源交叉学科基础研究中心,北京102249 [3]中国石油大学(北京)人工智能学院,北京102249 [4]中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院,北京102249

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2023年第2期40-45,共6页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：中国石油大学(北京)校级自主科研基金(2462022YXZZ007)。

摘　　要：旋转液体的物理特性研究是新世纪大学生必修实验。学生在实验操作过程中出现的实验误差,直接影响本实验对于重力加速度的测量。本文创新性地进行了不同类型的实验误差下重力加速度测量准确度的理论推导,从而定量地分析了在实验过程中透明屏幕偏离水平位置角度α、激光垂直入射点位置偏移量Δx和激光入射方向偏离垂直方向角度γ等因素对重力加速度测量准确度影响规律。分析结果表明:透明屏幕偏离水平位置5°会引起5.5%的误差;激光垂直入射点向左偏离目标点x 0处5 mm会引起12.5%的误差,激光垂直入射点向右偏离目标点x 0处5 mm会引起11.8%的误差;激光入射方向向左偏离垂直方向5°会引起16.3%的误差,激光入射方向向右偏离垂直方向5°会引起22.9%的误差。该研究可为高校教师指导学生进行旋转液体特性实验时减小重力加速度测量误差提供理论依据。Experimental researches on the physical characteristics of rotating liquid are required for college students in the 21st century.Due to the short of experimental skills,students usually have experimental errors in the process of experimental operation,which can affect the measurement accuracies of the gravitational acceleration in the data processing phase.It innovatively carried out different types of experimental errors to study effects of the deviation angle(α)of the transparent screen from the horizontal orientation,laser vertical incidence point offset(Δx),and deviation angle(γ)of laser incident light from the vertical direction angle on the acceleration of gravity measurement.The analysis results show that a deviation angle of 5°of the transparent screen from the horizontal orientation can lead to a 5.5%error in the acceleration of gravity measurement.A laser vertical incidence point offset about 5 mm can result in an experimental error of about 12%.Moreover,a 16.3%measurement error can be obtained by an incident light deviating 5°from the vertical direction to the left while the error grows to 22.9%when the laser incident light deviates 5°from the vertical direction to the right.These findings can provide theoretical foundations and teaching tips for teachers in colleges and universities to reduce the measurement error of gravity acceleration when guiding students to conduct experiments on rotating liquid characteristics.

关 键 词：物理实验 旋转液体 重力加速度 误差 理论研究 

分 类 号：O31[理学—一般力学与力学基础]